【作者】 陈静；

【导师】 李正炎；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境工程（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 河口区由于处于河流、海洋和陆地的过渡地带，往往具有复杂的水体混合机理和脆弱的生态环境。然而随着社会和科技的发展，人类对河口的开发和污染强度越来越大，河口水环境受到了前所未有的压力。因此，为了进一步深化对河口区水环境的认识以及加强对污染河口统一高效的管理，河口区水生态环境研究已经成为有关学者们讨论的一个重要的课题。然而，由于河口区特殊的水环境特征，以及生态健康评价本身的不确定性，到目前为止，国际上还没有形成一套普遍达成共识的具有针对性的河口水生态健康评价方法。目前大多数河口区水生态健康评价多忽视了“生态健康”的定义，将水生态健康评价与水环境质量评价或水生态风险评价混为一谈，同时，大多也没有考虑河口区动态性和不稳定性的特点，评价方法与湖泊、河流等生态系统的健康评价方法相类似。因此，本文着眼于目前河口区水生态健康评价的缺陷，拟建立一套基于生态健康内涵和河口区水环境特征的具有针对性的河口区水生态健康评价技术方法。首先，本研究从污染现状到影响因素对河口区水环境质量进行了多角度的分析，总结了目前河口区主要存在的环境问题，阐述了社会环境和自然地理环境与河口区水环境质量的关系。对河口区水生态健康评价产生了重要的指导意义，让河口区水环境的特殊性在所建立的水生态健康评价技术方法中能够有充分的体现。然后建立了一套基于生态健康内涵和河口区水环境特征的河口区水生态健康评价技术方法。其方法模型建立在活力-组织力-恢复力（V-O-R）概念框架和欧盟水框架指令（WFD）指南中的评价框架的基础之上，并根据国内的实际环境和数据情况进行了调整。计算过程结合了国内外已得到普遍认同的各种科学方法，最终形成了一套具有针对性和综合性的河口水生态健康评价方法体系。最后利用所建立的河口区水生健康技术方法体系对大辽河口的水生态健康状况做了详细综合的评价。水生态健康综合评价结果显示大辽河口河流上游、口门和近海区的东南方向水域生态健康状况相对较好，但也处于“亚健康”状态，其他区域基本处于“病态”。说明大辽河口水生态环境的健康状况较差，且受人类活动影响较大，农业排灌、城市污染以及近海养殖等活动都对大辽河口水生态系统的健康状况产生了不可忽视的影响。根据对大辽河口水生态健康评价结果的对比分析，本文所建立的生态健康评价技术方法能够对河口区的水环境状况做出较客观全面的评价，能够综合反映河口区水环境健康的现状和潜在威胁，对人为干扰有较敏感的响应，因此，本方法的评价结果具有一定的可靠性，适于在我国其他河口区进行推广应用。本文在引入国内外成熟框架和方法的基础上，结合生态健康的内涵和河口特征，建立了一套适用于中国河口区的水环境健康评价方法，并将其在大辽河口进行了实例应用。分析了评价方法的可靠性和科学性。对于在全国建立一套通用的，并且对河口特殊的水环境具有针对性的健康评价方法提供了有价值的参考，对加强河口区环境管理具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Estuarine area in the transition zone of the rivers, oceans and land, often withcomplex water mixing mechanism and a fragile ecological environment. However,with the development of society and technology, human exploitation and pollution ofestuaries strength increasing estuarine environment is unprecedented pressure.Therefore, in order to further deepen the understanding of the water environment ofthe estuary area and the strengthening of a unified and efficient management ofcontaminated estuaries, estuarine area aquatic environment has become an importantissue for scholars.However, due to the uncertainty of the characteristics of the water environment ofthe estuary area, as well as the ecological health evaluation itself, so far, theinternational community has not formed a general consensus targeting estuarineecological health assessment method. Most estuary water ecological healthevaluations ignore the definition of "ecological health", so that the water ecologicalhealth assessment, quality evaluation of water environment and water ecological riskassessment are often confused. At the same time, most of them did not consider thedynamic nature of the estuary area and instability, using health assessment methodsimilar with the evaluation methods of lakes, rivers and other ecosystems.Therefore, this article looks at the estuary area water ecological health assessmentof above defects, and intends to establish a set of targeted estuary area waterecological health evaluation technical method based on the connotation of theecological health and the water environment characteristics of estuary.First, the study makes a multi-angle analysis of the estuary area and summarizes themajor environmental issues in the estuary area of the relationship between the socialenvironment, the natural and geographical environment of the estuary of the waterenvironment quality. This work has an important guiding significance for the waterecological health evaluation, making the special nature of the water environment of the estuary area fully reflected in the establishment of the water ecological healthevaluation techniques method.Then an esruarine water ecological health assessment techniques is set based on theconnotation and the the water environment characteristics of estuaries. Its method isbased on the Vigor-Organization-Resilience (VOR) modle and the guide of the EUWater Framework Directive (WFD), and adjusted according to the actual environmentand data. The calculation process combines home and abroad methods, which hasbeen generally recognized by the scientific method, eventually forming a set oftargeted and comprehensive estuarine ecological health assessment methodology.Finally using the established method, the water ecological health status of DaliaoRiver estuary is assessed. Water ecological health evaluation results shows that watersecological health of the upstream, the mouth and the southeast direction of offshorearea waters ecological health are relatively good, which are still in the "sub-healthy"state, while other regions are basically at the "illness" state. So the health status of theDaliao River estuary is really bad, and seriously affected by human activities,agricultural irrigation, urban pollution as well as the offshore aquaculture activities,making negligible impacts on the health status of the Daliao River estuary.This paper establishes an health assessment method by introducing of matureframework and methodology and basing on the connotation of ecological health andthe estuary characteristics. A valuable reference for the country to establish a commonset of targeted health assessment method is provided, and with great significance forstrengthen the estuarine environmental management.更多还原