【作者】 李斌；

【导师】 王吉奎；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 铺膜种植技术在我国推广有30多年的历史，该技术为农业增产增收做出了积极的贡献，如今铺膜种植已被广泛应用到农业种植领域。致使农用地膜成为农民继种子、农药、化肥之后的又一大生产必备物资。在农用地膜给农业生产带来各种利好的同时，由于其常年使用所导致的农田“白色污染”也愈加严重的影响着农业生产，成为一大急需解决的农业弊病，田间残膜治理势在必行，而机械化收膜是残膜回收的重要手段，因此机械收膜机理的研究对解决农田“白色污染”问题有着重要意义。本文主要对SMS-1500型残膜回收机的收膜机理进行研究。在前期试验的过程中，该机具存在起膜困难、漏收、杂物拥堵以及残膜与链齿难以分离等问题。针对上述问题本文采用调研、理论研究、模拟仿真、试验分析等方法对残膜特性，机具起输膜，杂物清理以及脱膜过程进行了分析和研究。首先，通过调研和实地测定，得出了残膜在田间的分布情况；通过拉力实验研究了不同厚度残膜的抗拉特性；通过PS-20型临界速度试验台测定了残膜的悬浮速度与残膜面积及残膜质量间的关系；利用离心力等于综合吸附力的关系间接研究了残膜吸附特性。其次根据SMS-1500型残膜回收机具体工作过程，对作业中的具体机构进行了研究：①增设起膜部件，重置输膜齿排布，改进链齿耙钉齿结构，建立起输膜过程的动力学模型，应用MATLAB软件生成机具作业关键点的运动轨迹，通过分析轨迹与收膜作业间的相互关系，确定了机具作业的关键参数。②对机具的杂物清理装置进行了研究，建立起杂物运动轨迹方程；应用RecuDyn多体动力学仿真软件对理论分析加以验证，并应用其Belt模块建立起输送带与滚筒的刚柔耦合模型，确定出最佳的清理滚筒半径③增加脱膜装置，通过试验设计的方法对该装置的结构及作业参数进行了优化。本文对残膜物料特性的研究为残膜回收机的后续设计提供了理论基础，通过对机具各机构的分析确定出起膜齿角度在20°~35°之间，可降低前进阻力，增强膜土分离效果，减少拥堵，钉齿结构角θ=50°时具有良好的挑膜和输膜能力，确定机具作业速度vm=1.5m/s可以达到较好的收膜效果；确定出杂物清理装置在水平输送速度v=2m/s，叶片倾角为α=75°，滚筒半径R=50mm时能满足杂物的清理要求；得到脱膜装置的最佳作业及结构参数为叶片脱膜速度v0=8m/s，叶片长度l0=0.27m，叶片齿系数δ=0。经田间试验机具收膜率达93%以上，脱膜率大于96.3%，作业效果良好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Filming planting technique has promoted30years in our country,which makes greatcontribution to production increasing in agriculture.UP to now,this technique has beenapplied to various fields of agricultural production,resulting that the film is becomingfarmer’s the third largest production goods following seeds and pesticides. With all kinds ofbenefites brought by filming planting, years-round film using makes “field white pollution”isbecoming an agricultural evil. Field film recycling is necessary,and mechanical film recyclingis a kind of important means,So the research on mechanism of mechanical film recycling hasa positive mean in solving farmland " white pollution" problem.In this paper,SMS-1500plastic film recycling machine is mainly researched. In thepre-trial process,much problems is found such as film hard getting up,leakagerecycling,debris jams and film hard separating from sprocket. In this paper, investigation,theory research, simulation and experimental analysis are used in film characteristicresearch,the process of getting and translate film,process of debris cleanup and process ofrelease film.First,the residual film distributed in the filed obtained by investigation.Tensileproperties of the film was studied by tension experiment with different filmthickness.Through PS-20critical velocity test equipment,the relationship between filmsuspension speed and membrane area as well as the film quality are developed.Theadsorption character of film was indirect tested throught the relationship that centrifugal forceequals to the combined adsorption force. Secondly, according to the working process ofSMS-1500type recycling machine,specific working parts was studied.①Added the up-filmcomponents,reseted the tooth configuration,improved the structure of chain tooth,set upkinetic model of film translation,the MATLAB software was used to generate trajectory ofthe key points,by analyzing the relationship between track and film recycling process,determined the key parameters of machine operation.②Through the study with cleaningdevice,trajectory equation of sundry was set up;Using RecuDyn multi-body dynamicssimulation software to verifies theoretical analysis, and applied the Belt module to establishthe rigid-flexible coupling model of belt and rollers and determined the best radius ofcleaning roller.③Increasing film-releace device,the structure and work parameters of thedevice was optimized by using experimental design method.The film properties research provide theoretical basis for later machine design.Throughthe action mechanism analysis,finding that when the up-film tooth Angle was set between20°to35°,the moving resistance can be reduced,and soil could separated from film easily.Whenthe tooth-angle α=50°，the machine has good picking capability.When the working speed vm=1.5m/s,the machine can achieve a good result.When the cleaning device set the horizontalvelocity v=2m/s,the leaf angle α=75°,roller radius R=50mm can satisfy the requirement ofsundry cleaning.The best work structure parameters of film-releace device was set thatfilm-releace speed v0=8m/s, leaf length l0=0.27m,leaf tooth coefficient δ=0。Through fieldtest,the film-recycling rate is over93%, film-release rate is more than96.3%,and theworking result is well.更多还原