俄语话语生成的心理过程研究

【作者】 陈珊；

【导师】 王清华；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 俄语语言文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 话语是言语思维活动的作品，是人类交流思想的媒介。话语的生成是一个言语思维活动的过程。要想交际过程顺利进行，首先需要准确理解对方的言语意图，所谓“言为心声”。研究言语的生成过程，了解言语生成的各个环节之间的关系特点，对于成功交际具有重要的实践意义。然而，话语的生成会受到多方面因素的影响，心理学和语言学学科的发展为我们研究话语的生成奠定了一定的理论基础。首先：话语的生成是一个由内而外的思维活动过程，属于心理学研究范畴；其次，话语是言语的外部形式，这离不开语言学的理论支撑。心理语言学正好集中了心理学和语言学的特点，是通过言语外部形式—语言研究人们心理活动过程的学科。本文所研究的“话语生成过程”属于心理语言学范畴，依据心理语言学中的言语活动理论，将俄语话语生成作为研究对象，采用描述法、文献法等方法重点对言语生成过程、各个阶段及其衔接特点、影响因素、进行分析和探索，证明俄语话语生成的心理过程研究对俄语言语交际实践和教学实践所具有的理论意义和实践意义。本论文共分为五个部分：第一部分：话语生成的研究现状。本部分主要对国内外的话语生成研究现状进行评述。第二部分：话语生成研究的理论基础。本论文理论依据为维果茨基心理学理论、А.Н. Леонтьев的活动论、А.А. Леонтьев言语活动理论，为后文做进一步研究奠定理论基础。第三部分：话语生成的心理过程分析。该部分主要依据俄罗斯著名心理语言学家А.А. Леонтьев言语活动理论对俄语言语生成模式进行阐释。研究话语生成各个阶段之间的关系特点。第四部分：话语生成的影响因素。本章节涉及话语生成的影响因素，将从三个方面着手分析：前理解因素；语境因素（时间、地点、上下文、说话人和听话人的身份、年龄、社会地位）；语言知识因素（语音、词汇、词法和句法）。第三部分和第四部分是研究的重点部分。第五部分：研究的实践意义。该章节分为两个部分展开论述，即：教学实践意义和交际实践意义。从言语交际主客体方面考虑，教学实践意义从对教师教学策略的指导以及对学生话语组织方面的指导（指学生话语产生）；交际实践意义从对话语组织的指导（说话人）和对话语理解的指导（听话人）两方面展开论述。通过对话语生成过程的分析，可以知道：话语生成是一个复杂的由内而外的心理过程，对于过程的研究是本论文的研究难点，更是重中之重，也只有充分把握话语生成各个阶段之间的关系特点以及影响话语生成的因素，理论联系实际，为俄语教学和俄语言语交际提供一定指导，真正达到“言为心声”的理想境界。更多还原

【Abstract】 Text is the works of verbal-thinking activity and the medium of Humancommunication and thoughts. The production of text is a process of verbal thinkingactivity. To communicate smoothly, one first needs to understand the intention ofwords of the speaker accurately, the so-called ‘speech is the picture of the mind’. Ithas an important practical significance for successful communication to study textgeneration process and understand the features of the relationship of each linksbetween text generations.However, text generation will be influenced by many factors. The development ofpsychology and linguistics lays a certain theoretical basis for us to research into textgeneration。First, the generation of text is a process from the inside out of thinkingactivity which belongs to the category of psychological research. Secondly, text isthe external form of words, which is dependent on the support of the linguistic theory.Psycholinguistics is a subject which studies the psychological activity of peoplethrough the verbal external form, which just focuses on the characteristics ofpsychology and linguistics.In this paper, the author studies on text generation process, which belongs to thecategory of psycholinguistics。 Based on the theory of verbal activities ofpsychological linguistics, the paper chooses the Russian text generation as theresearch object. By adopting description method and literature method, the papermakes a study of speech production process at various stages, the cohesivecharacteristics and the influence factors. The aim of this paper is to prove that it hastheoretical significance and practical significance for Russian languagecommunication practice and teaching practice to study the Russian text generatedpsychological process.This thesis is divided into five parts：Part one: the research status of text generation. This part mainly reviews the statusof text generation at home and abroad.The second part: the theoretical basis of text generation research. The theoreticalbasis of this paper are the psychology theory of Выготский А..The activities theoryof А.Н. Леонтьев and А. А. Леонтьев’s theory of speech act. They found thetheoretical basis for the further study. The third part: the psychological analysis of text process. This part is mainlyillustrates Russian words generation model and the characteristic of the relationship oftext generated at various stages based on the famous Russian psychological linguistsА. А. Л е о н т ь speech act theory.The fourth part: the influence factors of text generation. This section is about theinfluence factors of text generation from three aspects: the former understandingfactors; Contextual factors (time, place, the identity of the speakers and hearers age,social status); Language knowledge factors (phonetic words lexical and syntax)。The third part and the fourth part are key parts of the paper.The fifth part: the practical significance of the research. This chapter is dividedinto two parts, namely, teaching practice and communicative practice significance。Taking the subject and object of the communication into consideration, thesignificance of teaching practice is illustrated from teachers’ teaching strategies andthe guidance of text organization guidance to students (text); the significance ofcommunicative practice is illustrated from the guidance of text organization (speaker)and the guidance of understanding text.Through the analysis of text generation process, it is known that text generationprocess is a complex mental process from the inside out. The research of process isthe center of this paper. Only fully grasping the characteristics the relationshipbetween the text generation stages and the influencing factors and combining theorywith practice and providing guidance for Russian speech communication and Russianteaching, one really achieves the ideal of ‘speech is the picture of the mind’.更多还原