【作者】 李明；

【导师】 许明标； 叶诗均；

【作者基本信息】 长江大学 ， 石油与天然气工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：通过调查了解在新疆油田的勘探开发的钻井施工中经常会钻遇到常规钻井液无法解决或不能很好的解决的复杂性地质层位,主要问题在于泥页岩的水化膨胀分散及地层对钻井液产生严重的污染无法有效的消除解决,往往会导致出现频繁的井下复杂事故,给钻井施工带来巨大的风险。新疆油田为保证油气稳产、增产,近年来,在新疆油田的勘探开发中逐步加大对老区块、复杂区块的开发力度。新疆油田复杂区块众多,大多数复杂井的钻井泥浆因成本原因只能采用常规钻井液体系,造成钻井进度慢、周期长。每年因钻井液体系性能缺陷原因致使复杂地层(易发生严重缩径、垮塌、污染等情况)的钻井施工成本大大增加。而使用常规钻井液体系不能很好地解决这一系列问题。而使用油基泥浆又使是钻井成本急剧增加,同时遗留下钻井废弃物和钻井液存放等更多问题。正是由于油基钻井液投入大、环境污染严重,因此只能在重点井的泥浆工程中采用成本高昂的油基钻井液体系。为了解决这种类型的问题只有依靠改变钻井液体系来实现,通常是使用新型钻井液体系基本能够应对这些复杂性地层中的正常钻井施工。因此急需研究出一种钻井液体系来解决这一难题。为此我们开展此项研究,使其成果-新型钻井液体系能以优良的抗污染性及相关性能满足在这些复杂地层钻井施工中安全钻井的需要。内容：本课题的主要研究内容围绕“FK-1仿油基钻井液处理剂”展开,主要研究内容分为FK-1仿油基钻井液处理剂、FK-1仿油基钻井液体系两个部分,完成现场试验后,将及时对项目执行的效果进行后评估。FK-1仿油基处理剂主要的研究方法是对优选后的葡萄糖类衍生物进行改性,在其葡萄糖环上引入钾离子后适度聚合,使其具有强亲水基团,提高在水中的溶解性。而其本身因为形成半透膜原理就具有较好的页岩抑制能力,现通过钾离子的引入,利用钾离子相嵌机理与葡萄糖衍生物协同作用使其抑制稳定页岩能力更强。我们通过查阅大量的文献资料,通过大量的筛选、合成及室内评价试验,最终以我们常见的淀粉为主要原料在酸环境下,由引发剂A和B共同作用下,在隔绝氧气环境中,恒温反应,生成FK-1处理剂,再经中和、结晶、过滤、干燥最后得到固体的FK-1处理剂。FK-1属聚糖类高分子物质的单体衍生物,是一种极性较弱的表面活性类物质,其分子结构上有具有亲油的甲氧基(-0CH3)和亲水的羟基(-OH)。其环状分子上含有羟基,其吸水性很强,可以和水分子形成牢固的氢键。亲水的羟基吸附在井壁岩石表面或钻屑表面上,而亲油基则朝外,因而在井壁上形成一层类似油包水钻井液的吸附憎水膜,把地层页岩中的水和钻井液中的水分隔开。分子结构中的K+的水化能低,给粘土带来了薄的水化膜,能抑制粘土分散。因此,当FK-1钻井液中的滤液进入到地层内,其作用不同于普通的淡水,它能使地层岩石发生去水化作用。通过实验证明FK-1钻井液的页岩脱水量虽不如油基钻井液,但高于KCl钻井液和甘油钻井液。评价方法：主要针对FK-1仿油基处理剂的抑制能力、润滑性能进行评价,评价其对页岩的滚动回收率,和对润滑系数降低率的贡献,同时具此为配方加量提供依据。伴随FK-1加量增加,页岩的回收率随之增加,说明FK-1具有较强的页岩抑制能力。同时,在加量7%时,抑制效果明显增强。随后的加量增加,变化趋缓。通过分析,向基浆中加入FK-1单剂,钻井液的润滑性能得到改善,且伴随FK-1加量的增加,钻井液的润滑性能更加增强。FK-1单剂具有较好的页岩抑制能力和润滑性能,通过FK-1的加入,钻井液性能得到显著改善。在室内研究过程中,钻井液性能优化结果随FK-1加量成正比。但出于时间、经济等因数考虑,目前使用不低于7%加量。当加量超过12%后,FK-1可视为性能优良的润滑剂。FK-1仿油基钻井液体系主要由FK-1仿油基处理剂、辅处理剂、降滤失剂、pH值调节剂等组成。研究FK-1仿油基剂及其辅剂和其它处理剂可能出现的干扰问题,找到解决方法和途径,形成能够满足现场要求的配方体系。实验表明：仿油基钻井液的泥页岩滚动回收率较高,滤液的线性膨胀率较低,说明钻井液具有较好的抑制性能。而在相同条件下,仿油基钻井液与油基钻井液摩擦系数相差不大,其润滑性能接近,远远优于常规聚磺钻井液体系的润滑性。实验也证明仿油基钻井液润滑性能良好。仿油基钻井液对阜东XXX井的岩心作渗透率恢复实验得92.3%的恢复值,说明其也具有很好的储层保护效果。通过与泥浆的配伍性实验,研究加入FK-1仿油基处理剂及其辅剂后泥浆的流变性。一般来说,针对不同类型地层、油井的具体应用要求,其在配方中加量也不同所起的作用也各有偏重,通过室内调整配方加量,添加调整流型剂,同时进行泥浆基液调整,产生最为合理的泥浆配方,形成该产品现场简捷、方便的应用方法。对钻井、泥浆处理过程中井下情况进行的监测、控制,全面评价FK-1仿油基钻井液体系在应对复杂地层的作用,进行完善和配方的进一步优化。后期对电测数据的分析更能直观的反映FK-1仿油基泥浆在试验中的真实效果,为评价提供依据。结论：FK-1仿油基钻井液,从抑制性、润滑性和保护储层上面看,它优于聚磺钻井液,接近于油基钻井液。具有较好的抗盐钙污染能力。较强的抑制泥岩分散能力,有利于防塌,FK-1仿油基钻井液具有较好的保护储层效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:Through our research, we find that during the process of exploration and drilling in Xinjiang oilfield there are so many problems about the difficult geological horizon that can’t be solved by the drilling fluid, the main problem is that the serious pollution caused by hydration swelling of dispersion and drilling fluid in the stratum cannot be clean up, and it would put us in a dangerous consequence in which some drilling accident would happen in the well. In order to keep and prove the production, in recent years, we are taking efforts to develop the old and difficult zones in the exploration process of Xinjiang oilfield. The Xinjiang oilfield is made up by many difficult zones, and the drilling fluid of many difficult well can only be the common one because of the cost to make the process long and slow. Every year, the problem about lacking of the function of drilling fluid may lead to a high cost of drilling in the difficult stratum(where pollution and accident happen easily). Obviously, the common drilling fluid couldn’t solve there problems well, however, the oil-base drilling fluid would cost more and lead to some other problems about pollution and positon(to store it) at the same time. So, we could use oil-base drilling fluid only in the drilling fluid engineering of important well.We can only change the system of drilling fluid to solve this problem, and we need to find this new system out immediately. Therefore, we started a research in order to make the achievement(a new kind of drilling fluid system) satisfy the safe drilling in the difficult stratum by its related character.Details:This topic are about the FK-1imitation of oil-base drilling fluid treating agent, and the main contents of this topic is about the FK-1imitation of oil-base drilling fluid treating agent and the two parts of FK-1imitation of oil-base drilling fluid system. We will assess the result of this project in time after the field test.FK-1imitation of oil-based drilling fluid treating agent after primary treatment for the research on the optimization method is grape sugar derivatives were modified, after the introduction of potassium ion in the glucose ring polymerization moderately, make its have strong hydrophilic group, improve the solubility in water. Itself for forming a semi permeable membrane principle has good shale inhibition, is through the introduction of potassium ions, using potassium ions embedded mechanism and glucose derivative synergy makes the stability of shale inhibition ability is stronger. We through consulting A large number of literature material, through A lot of screening, synthesis, and the evaluation of the indoor experiment, finally we common starch as the main raw material in the acid environment, by the initiator of A and B work together, in the isolated from oxygen environment, constant temperature reaction, generate FK-1treatment agent, then through neutralization, crystallization, filtration, drying treatment finally get A solid FK-1.FK-1genus chitosan polymer monomer derivatives, is a kind of weak polarity surface active substance, on its molecular structure with oil-wet methoxyl (OCH3) and hydrophilic hydroxyl (OH). Its cyclic molecules containing hydroxyl, its very strong water imbibition, can form strong hydrogen bond and water molecules. Hydrophilic hydroxyl adsorption in the surface of the wall rock or cuttings on the surface, the lipophilic group is out, and on the wall to form a layer similar to the water-in-oil drilling fluid adsorption of hydrophobic membrane, separates the moisture in the water in the strata shale and drilling fluid. The molecular structure of the hydrated K+can low, brought thin to clay hydration film, inhibit clay dispersion. So when FK-1filtrate in drilling fluid into the formation, the effect is different from ordinary fresh water, it can make the formation rocks occur to hydration. Proved through the experiment of drilling fluid shale FK-1to take off the water is not oil-based drilling fluid, but higher than that of KC1drilling mud and glycerin. Evaluate method:We mainly evaluate the FK-1copy oil-base drilling fluid treating agent aiming at its rejection capability and unctuosity. We evaluate its cutting roller recovery of shale, the contribution to the reduction rate of lubrication coefficient, and at the same time we can provide the proof to formula additive amount. With the dosage increasing of FK-1, the recovery of shale increase.It shows us that FK-1has a good capability to restrain shale. At the same time, the result of rejection capability obviously increase at the dosage7%. After7%with the dosage increase, the change becomes slowly. Through our analysis, the unctuosity of the drilling fluid becomes better if we put FK-1single-dosage in its base mud, and with the dosage increase,the increasing of unctuosity becomes faster. As FK-1single-dosage has a good capability to control shale and unctuosity, we can put it in in order to improve the function of drilling fluid. And we also find that the improvement of drilling fluid is in direct proportion to the additive amount of FK-1dosageFK-1imitation of oil-base drilling fluid system is mainly made up by its treating agent,assist treating agent, filtrate reducer, pH modifier etc. We may meet some problems during the research the agent of FK-1,so we must find out some methods or solutions to these problems in order to get the formula system which satisfies the field requirement. The research told us that, for the imitation of oil-base drilling fluid, the cutting roller recovery of mudstone and shale is high, the linear expansion rate of filtrate is low,that is to say, the drilling fluid has a good rejection capability. In the same circumstance, the friction coefficients and unctuosity of imitation of oil-base drilling fluid and oil-base drilling fluid are almost the same, and it’s better than TR drilling fluid, the research also shows us the same conclusion and a good capability of stratum protection.Through the compatibility experiment with mud, we compare the liquidity of drilling fluid which put in FK-1imitation of oil-base treating agent and assist agent. Generally speaking, according to different types of stratum and specific application requirement of the well,the additive amount of formula and the effect will be also different. Through the adjustment of formula additive amount, flow type agent and the base mud indoor, we can find out the best formula of drilling fluid and its convenient method for using. In the process of drilling, mud treatment downhole condition monitoring, control, comprehensive evaluation of FK-1copy oil-base drilling fluid system in dealing with complex formation, to perfect and further optimization of formula. Late on the analysis of log data can intuitive reflect FK-1imitation of oil-base mud real effect in the experiment provide the basis for evaluation.Conclusion:The FK-1imitation of oil-base drilling fluid treating agent is obviously better than TR drilling fluid and next to the oil-base drilling fluid on its rejection capability, unctuosity and stratum protection. At the same time, it resists salt and calcium pollution well and restrain mudstone-dispersed well to prevent collapse. The FK-1imitation of oil-base drilling fluid has a good capability to protect reservoir stratum.更多还原