【作者】 李博；

【导师】 祝宏；

【作者基本信息】 武汉工程大学 ， 生物化工， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是一个农业大国，农业是我国国民经济的基础。因此高效、低毒、经济的农药是当今农业的发展趋势。氯氟吡氧乙酸十二酯有良好的选择性，属于第四代吡啶类除草剂，同时也属于合成激素类除草剂，具有广泛的发展前景。本文以商品化的美国陶氏益农公司开发的氯氟吡氧乙酸（商品名：氟草烟）为先导，针对氯氟吡氧乙酸的持效期、生物活性等方面的某些不足，采用活性亚结构拼接农药分子设计方法，筛选并合成出了氯氟吡氧乙酸十二酯，化合物结构经核磁共振（1H-NMR）、核磁共振（13C-NMR）、核磁共振（19F-NMR）、质谱（MS）、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外光谱(UV)等方法进行了确认。且经室内和田间活性测试其活性稍高于氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯。本文还对氯氟吡氧乙酸十二酯工艺进行了优化，设计了一条工艺简单，原料易得，反应条件温和的工艺路线，本工艺以五氯吡啶为起始原料合成氯氟吡氧乙酸十二酯，对每步反应的各种影响因素都进行了研究，并且提出了每步生产工艺的优化参数。研究表明，在氟交换反应中体系含水量对反应影响较大，反应温度在100℃—158℃时能得到较高收率；在氨化反应中溶剂和反应温度对产品纯度影响很大，此氨化工艺中无需高温高压设备，室温即可反应；在酚钠盐的反应中氢氧化钠的浓度对产率影响较大，氢氧化钠浓度需控制在30%以上；在最后一步成氯氟吡氧乙酸十二酯的反应中，投料比对反应的影响最大，合适投料比为4-氨基-2-羟基-3,5-二氯-6-氟吡啶的酚钠盐：氯乙酸十二烷酯=1：0.9如果氯乙酸十二烷酯用量过大很难得到白色固体产物。此工艺总收率在53%以上，纯度在96%以上，为生产工艺流程和操作的进一步设计优化提供了可靠的理论依据，具有较高的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a large agricultural country. Agriculture is the foundation of ournational economy. So nowadays, the development trend of agriculturalchemicals is high effect, low toxicity and economy. fluroxypyr-dodecyl whichis a good electivity, low toxicity and have a very bright future herbicidebelongs to fourth generation pyridine herbicides, and also belongs tosynthetic plant hormones.Fluroxypyr-dodecyl derived from fluroxypyr which developed by TheDow Chemical Company. To overcome limitations of the lead compoundeffective period and biological activity based on herbicide molecular designtechnologies, such as activity sub-structure connecting, was designedfluroxypyr-dodecyl. And the structure of the novel compound was identifiedby the application of1H-NMR,13C-NMR,19F-NMR, MS and IR.This thesis designed a technology of simple technique, low cost andmilder conditions. And has discussed the influencing factors of each reaction.Research indicates that in fluorination, under anhydrous fluorinationconditions and temperature of100℃-158℃, will get the high yield; In theammonification, solvent and temperature have the considerable influence; Inthe next reaction, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is the main factor,the concentration would better above30%; In the last reaction, the reactantratio is the main factor. It would be1:0.9, if the reactant ratio exceeds1:0.9will not get the white crystalloid.The total yield of this process is above53%, and the purity is above96%.This technology provided the theoretical basis for industrial production offluroxypyr-dodecyl herbicide.更多还原