【作者】 刘扬；

【导师】 时金钟； 刘国庆；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 体育教学（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 竞技体育归根结底是优秀体育人才的竞争，后备人才则是发展体育的根基。如果抓不好体育后备人才培养，找不到一条符合现代体育发展需要的训练竞赛新路，河南乃至中国的体育事业就会成为无源之水，提高竞技体育的水平也就无从谈起。而高中体育教育应该成为我国培养体育竞技人才的主要力量，应承担起培养竞技体育人才的重任.高中阶段建设体育运动队的目的是为国家培养全面发展的高水平体育人才，目标是为国家和大专院校培养高水平的、优秀的运动员，为国家奥运争光计划和竞技体育可持续发展做贡献.高中田径体育特长生包括在体育后备人才的范畴内。而焦作市作为河南省豫西北体育大市，正在不断为河南省乃至全国高校和专业队伍输送众多高素质体育后备人才，高中学校体育在其中扮演着举足轻重的角色。如何科学地可持续地培养高中田径体育特长生是学校领导特别是教练员应该认真思考的问题。本文运用文献法、问卷调查法、数学统计法和逻辑法等研究方法从参训学生人数性别及分布；参训学生训练情况；参训学生体育成绩；参训学生文化课成绩；参训学生家长的态度:教练员的年龄结构；教练员的执教年限；教练员选材情况等几方面进行了深入的分析研究,结果如下：1.焦作市高中田径特长生男多女少，男女比例失调；专项分布为参加短跑训练的学生占整个参训学生的一半以上，其次是跳远、三级跳远、中长跑、跳高、铅球、铁饼、竞走、跨栏、标枪，项目分布不合理。2.焦作市区高中田径特长生训练年限多数为1-2年，训练年限短；每周训练次数多数为5次，训练的时段为早晨和下午，每次训练时间不足3小时。3.焦作市高中田径特长生运动水平多集中在二级以下,二级和一级少，运动等级不高；八成以上学生认为训练对文化课有影响,文化课多处于班级中下游，成绩一般，学训矛盾较为突出；参训学生家长对学生参加田径训练的态度中反对比非常支持的多，不支持也不反对的占多数，家长支持率一般。4.焦作市高中田径特长生参与训练的动机多为有利于升学，其次是个人兴趣爱好、使身体更健康、家长的意愿、为学校争得荣誉、充分发挥自身体育才能，训练动机与训练目标之间有某种程度的偏离；学生多数能够基本完全执行训练计划，参加训练的积极性比较高态度比较好。5.焦作市高中田径教练员的学历绝大多数的为本科学历，硕士研究生学历较少，应进一步提高学历层次；教练员年龄多集中在30-40岁之间，为人的最佳创造年龄，年龄结构比较合理；职称出现两头小中间大的情况，结构合理；外出培训机会不多，交流与学习的少，知识更新慢科研状况差。6.焦作市高中田径教练员对田径训练动机多为个人对田径的爱好，其次是学校的工作安排、培养和输送田径人才、为学校争得荣誉、评定职称需要目标认识、认识存在误区；八成以上不完全按照训练计划执行训练，训练随意性大、训练不规范，训练中存在短期化行为；教练员选材多依个人经验，身体素质、心理素质和遗传因素没有考虑进来，选材依据不尽科学。7.焦作市高中田径教练员每天补贴5-10元的占八成以上，待遇偏低；不标准场地占3/1，训练场地、器材设施不能满足田径训练的需求，严重制约着焦作市高中田径训练和田径特长生的长远发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Truly, the sports competition is the competition of first-class athletics talents, while the back-up talentsare the foundation of sports development. If understate the cultivation for sports back-up talents and, thereis no new training system which can meet the need of modern sports development, Henan even China sportcareer cannot be improved without these basic conditions and there is little chance to level up Sport.Middle school sports specialty students belong to sports back-up talents. The supervisors in school,specially the coaches should pay more attention to how to sustainably cultivate them.The article starts with the track and field coaches and athletes in Jiaozuo middle schools and factorsrelated to the track and field extracurricular training. Documentary material method, the questionnaire,mathematical statistics and logical analytical method are used to investigate the current situation ofspecialty students of track and field of middle schools in Jiaozuo. According to the research, the writer hasfound out main influence factors of specialty students on the track and field：student’s one’s own factor,teacher’s level, management level, parents’ supporting and middle school sports environment,etc., anddraws the following main conclusion：1. In terms of sports level, the specialty students on the track and field are found to be at low ones and,not good at their academic achievements. The major problem is that there are usually the clashes betweenliteracy class time and training time. What’s more, the chances for students’ participating in competition arerare. Besides, there are not well correspondence between motives and targets of the training.2. The sports events set for the training are not reasonable, in which there are more events with lowskills such as running and jumping but less events with high skills, not to mention the all round events.3. The coaches need to improve their professional qualifications of training and the capacity ofscientific research, because there is difficulty for coaches with their knowledge level to respond to therequest that contemporary sports are trained with scientific approaches. The scientific level of selectingsuitable materials is not high, while the experience type selects suitable materials occupies greaterproportion.4. In most middle schools in Jiaozuo, the training field and equipment are not enough and the source of training funds is single without any other sources, which severely affect the well-balanced developmentof extracurricular training of track and field.5. The targets set for the training are not reasonable. The school leaders pay little attention to thetraining of and the training of the track and field. Also the parents of the specialty students are somewhatindifferent to the extracurricular training of track and field.Through analyzing the factors affecting the extracurricular training of specialty students on the trackand field in Middle Schools in Jiaozuo, this paper puts forward some suggestions to the physical andphysical administrative sectors. First, change ideas and give priority to the extracurricular training of trackand field. Second, set up sensible system in management and evaluation. Third, apart from the fundsoffered by government, try different means to collect the funds for the improvement of facilities. Forth,raise the professionalism of teachers responsible for training through reforming and perfecting the systemof training, meanwhile, motivate the coaches through devising the effective ways of appraisal andpunishment. Fifth, correct the students’ motive and cultivate the hard-working spirit through ideologicaleducation. Sixth, give more chances of participating in competition to the specialty students and better itssocial environment and events arrangement. Last but not least, balance the physical training and theorystudy, then find better ways of training to improve the efficiency.更多还原