【作者】 王兵；

【导师】 史晓红；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 世界史， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 第二次世界大战后在中国内战问题上，美国坚定支持蒋介石。美国的支持没有能够帮助国民党在内战中取胜，相反内战却以中国共产党的胜利宣告结束。从此，蒋介石集团退据台湾并继续得到美国扶持。由于意识形态对立，美国对新生的中共政权采取敌视态度，中国也把美国视为对自己国家安全的首要威胁，自此中美关系进入20多年的敌视状态。但是，随着国际形式风云突变，以及中美双方出于各自国家利益的考量，到尼克松执政时期，改善中美关系甚至建立双边外交关系的条件已经具备。在中美关系缓和历史上，尼克松无疑发挥着最关键的作用。他对华态度的转变是其改善中美关系以及改变对华政策的基础。本文以尼克松早期的对华态度为切入点，对尼克松对华态度转变的原因、结果进行深入分析，试图进一步探索尼克松转变对华态度的原因。本文一共包括四个部分：第一部分主要探讨尼克松早期的政治生涯和对华态度。众所周知早期的尼克松是积极反共的，要分析他入主白宫后对华态度的转变，就很有必要和他早期的对华态度做番对比，因为早期尼克松的对华态度是具有矛盾性的，这些矛盾是后来他转变对华态度的关键。第二部分主要介绍尼克松对华态度的松动。二十世纪六十年代年总统大选的失败，对在政坛上一贯十分顺利的尼克松是个不小的打击，他不得不进行反思，以求东山再起。六十年代动荡的国际局势，使尼克松不得不对中国问题进行深入思考。这个时候的尼克松经过政坛的起起伏伏和长期磨砺，已经是一个成熟的政客。他的成熟帮助他赢得了接下来的大选，为他实施他的外交理想以及打开中美关系的大门提供了机遇。第三部分分析尼克松对华态度转变的原因。要想知道尼克松对华态度的转变就必须分析其原因，本文从国际国内等方面分析了这一转变的原因。第四部分是尼克松对华态度转变的结果，尼克松对华态度的转变使他对中国进行了成功的访问，并最终敲开了中美关系的大门。全文四个部分组成有机结合的整体，以历史的眼光对尼克松对华态度的转变进行了重新审视，并力图认识和把握中美关系的发展进程及其中的一些规律性现象，总结此间的成败得失。更多还原

【Abstract】 On issue of the Chinese civil war after World War II, the United States firmly supports ChiangKai-shek. However, the support of the United States has not been able to help the KMT win the civil war,on the contrary the inner war ended with the victory of the Communist Party of China. Since then, theChiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan and continued to get support from the United States. Because ofideological confrontation, the United States adopt a hostile attitude towards the nascent ChineseCommunist regime. The Chinese government takes the United States as the primary threat to its ownnational security, hence, the Sino-US relations have entered a hostile state for more than20years. However,with the drastic changes of international form, as well as for the sake of national interests of both countries,during the reign of Nixon, conditions to improve Sino-US relations and even establish bilateral diplomaticrelations have been met. As for the history of Sino-US detente relations, Nixon undoubtedly played a keyrole. Changing his attitudes towards China is the basement to improve Sino-US relations as well as itspolicy towards China. This paper intends to take Nixon’s early attitudes towards China as the starting point,to analyze the reasons and results of the change of Nixon’s attitudes towards China in-depth. This paperconsists of four parts:The first chapter discusses the early political career of Richard Nixon and his attitudes towards China.As we all know, Nixon is an active anti-communist in his early political career. So, in order to analyze thechanges of his attitudes towards China after he entered the White House, it is necessary to make acomparison between his early and later attitudes towards China. Nixon’s early attitudes towards China iscontradictory, these contradictions are the keys for his later changes. The second chapter introduces theloosening of Nixon’s attitudes towards China. The failure of the presidential election in1960is a smallblow for Nixon, for he has always been very smooth in the political arena. So he had to rethink, in order tomake a comeback. Volatile international situation in the1960s force Nixon to take a deep reflection on theChina issue. After the ups and downs of the political arena, and long-term sharpening, Nixon has alreadybecome a mature politician. His maturity helped him win the next general election, as well as theopportunity to open the door of Sino-US relations. The third chapter analyzes the reasons for the changes ofhis attitudes towards. In order to get a clear picture of the changes he made, it is necessary to analyze thereasons, this is the core part of the thesis. The forth part is the results of Nixon’s efforts and also asublimation of Nixon’s changes of attitudes towards China. Nixon’s changes of attitudes towards China lethim visit China successfully, and eventually knocked the door of the easing of Sino-US relations.The full text of the four parts is an organic combination, to re-examine the shift of Nixon’s attitudetowards China, trying to understand and grasp some regularity phenomenon of the development process ofSino-US relations, and summarize the successes or failures from the historical perspective.更多还原