【作者】 王瑞；

【导师】 王晶钰；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 兽医（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 禽网状内皮增生症（Reticuloendotheliosis，RE）是由反转录病毒科下的禽网状内皮增生症病毒（Reticuloendotheliosis virus，REV）引起的鸡、火鸡、鸭及其他禽类，以矮小综合征、急性网状细胞肿瘤形成、淋巴组织和其他组织的慢性肿瘤形成等为特征的一群病理综合征。REV感染不仅能使感染鸡形成肿瘤，还能引起感染鸡免疫器官（如胸腺和法氏囊等）萎缩，导致鸡免疫功能下降或丧失，接种疫苗后出现免疫抑制，鸡抵抗力下降，外界病原侵入，容易造成继发感染。在我国，REV感染在鸡群中已相当普遍。本试验通过对陕西某鸡场禽网状内皮增生症阳性鸡群与阴性鸡群的生产性能指标的对比，探讨禽网状内皮增生症对鸡群开产日龄、产蛋率和死淘率的影响；通过对新城疫、禽流感H9和H5（RE-4和RE-5株）疫苗免疫抗体检测，了解REV感染对鸡群疫苗免疫效果的影响。目的是为禽网状内皮增生症的预防和控制提供资料。试验结果如下：1.采用ELISA检测方法对陕西某规模化养鸡场父母代鸡和商品代鸡进行REV的检测。检测结果表明，2个父母代鸡群REV抗体平均阳性率分别为19.29%和0.27%，2个商品代鸡群REV抗体平均阳性率为15.49%和4.89%。2.对一个REV抗体阳性鸡群和一个REV抗体阴性鸡群的生产性能进行对比研究。REV阳性鸡群与阴性鸡群相比，开产日龄比阴性鸡群晚4天，鸡群在20周龄和23周龄时，产蛋率下降差异不显著（P>0.05），但REV阳性鸡群仍略低于阴性鸡群，产蛋率分别下降1.09和4.75；但鸡群在21周龄和22周龄时，产蛋率差异显著（P<0.05），分别下降8.08和9.17；到24-26周龄时，产蛋率差异极显著（P<0.01），分别下降12.35、28.62和17.09。在1-2周龄，每周死淘数均在20只左右，差异不显著，在4-23周龄，每周死淘数均不到10，且波动较小，差异不显著，但在24-26周龄，阳性鸡群每周死淘数达50只左右，阴性鸡群不到20只，差异显著（P<0.05）。3.揭示REV感染对鸡群疫苗免疫效果的影响。采用随机抽样的方法对上述REV阳性鸡群和阴性鸡群采取血清样本，测定免疫鸡群新城疫、禽流感H9和H5（RE-4和RE-5株）的抗体滴度。结果表明，对新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响，在55日龄时，差异显著（P<0.05），在95、123、148和163日龄时，均差异不显著（P>0.05）；对禽流感H9亚型疫苗免疫效果的影响，在55日龄和95日龄时均差异显著（P<0.05），在123、148和163日龄时差异不显著（P>0.05）；对禽流感H5亚型（RE-4株）疫苗免疫效果的影响，在55日龄时，差异极显著（P<0.01），95日龄和123日龄时差异显著（P<0.05），在148和163日龄时差异不显著（P>0.05）；对禽流感H5亚型（RE-5株）疫苗免疫效果的影响，在55日龄时，差异极显著（P<0.01），95日龄时差异显著（P<0.05），在123、148和163日龄时差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可以看出，REV感染对禽流感疫苗免疫效果的影响要比对新城疫疫苗的更为严重。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reticuloendotheliosis, which is caused by reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), can lead tostunting syndrome, formation of acute reticular cells tumor, formation of chronic tumor inlymphoid tissue and other tissues in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other poultries. REVinfection can not only cause tumors, they can also cause atrophy of immune organs (likechicken thymus and bursal) of infected chicken. REV will make the chicken’s immunefunction decline, or even lost, lead to immunosuppression. The infection chickens arevulnerable to other virus diseases, bacterial diseases and easy to have secondary infection. Inour country, REV infection was reported to be very common in chicken flocks. In this study,we compared the production performance of REV infected chicken and healthy chicken froma chicken farm in Shaanxi province to investigate the effect of Reticuloendotheliosis on theage at first egg, the laying rate and death rate. In addition, we detected antibody titers of NDV,ALV-H9and ALV-H5(RE-4and RE-5) vaccine to acquire the influence of REV-infection onvaccine immunity effects. The objective of this project is to get the information for theprevention and control of reticuloendotheliosis. The test results are as follows:1. ELISA method was used to detect REV of the parental chickens and the commercialchickens of a large-scale chicken farm in Shaanxi province. The data indicated that theaverage positive rates of two parental chickens are19.29%and0.27%respectively; theaverage positive rates of two commercial chickens are15.49%and4.89%separately.2. Comparative study for production performance of a REV antibodies positive chickenand a REV negative chicken. Compared with the REV negative chickens, the age at first eggof the positive chickens was respectively later by4d. At week20and23, the laying rate of thepositive chickens fell slightly, but not significantly (P>0.05), in specific, the laying rate of REVpositive chickens and REV negative chickens fell by1.09and4.75respectively. But at week21and22, the difference is significant (P<0.05), they fell by8.08and9.17respectively. Fromweek24to26, the difference is very significant (P<0.01), they fell by12.35,28.62and17.09respectively. In terms of the number of death and elimination, from week1to week2, the number is all about20; the difference is not significantly (P>0.05). From week3to23, thenumber is less than10and less volatile, the difference is not significantly (P>0.05). But fromweek24to week26, the number of death and elimination of REV positive chickens is about50, the REV negative chickens is less than20, the difference is significant (P<0.05).3. To explore the effect of REV infection of chickens on vaccine immune effect. Serumsamples of positive and negative chickens were collected randomly, antibody concentration ofND, H9, H5(Re-4), H5(Re-5) were measured by HI and HA test. The results show that therewas significant difference on the impacts of immune effect of NDV vaccine at day55(P<0.05)and no significant difference at day95, day123, day148and day163(P>0.05). There wassignificant difference on the impacts of immune effect of ALV H9subtype vaccine at day55and day95(P<0.05) and no significant difference at day123, day148and day163(P>0.05).There was very significant difference on the impacts of immune effect of ALV H5subtype(RE-4) vaccine at day55(P<0.01) and significant difference at day95and day123(P<0.05)and no significant difference at day148and day163(P>0.05). There was great difference onthe impacts of immune effect of ALV H5subtype (RE-5) vaccine at day55(P<0.01) andsignificant difference at day95(P<0.05) and no significant difference at day123, day148andday163(P>0.05). It can be concluded that REV infection of ALV vaccine immuno-suppressive effect is more serious than the NDV vaccine.更多还原