【作者】 张志强；

【导师】 王青；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着工业化和城市化而来的征地不仅没有让欠发达地区农户分享到经济发展所带来的成果，反而进一步威胁到农户原本就脆弱的生计。究其原因，征地补偿与农户的期望差距太大，农户本身只是征地的被动接受者。而从第三方的视角对征地问题进行研究，建议政府该怎么做，农户该怎么做，对于改善农户的切身利益意义并不大。因为我们不能仅仅关注农户该做什么，而更要重视农户能做什么。如果能够转变角色，站在农户的立场考虑征地问题，可能会更加确切地理解征地带给农户的影响。本文以可持续生计分析框架为指导思想，分析农户追求可持续生计所面临环境的变化。因为生计资本是农户可以主导和控制的生计要素，因此本文重点研究征地对农户生计资本产生的影响。首先通过构建生计资本指标体系并对其本进行度量，然后从耕地被征和宅基地被征两个维度，分别研究由征地引起的农户生计资本的变化。运用匹配倍差的思想，将耕地未被征农户作为耕地被征农户假若当初耕地没有被征的现状，又将宅基地未被征农户现状作为宅基地被征农户假若当初没有被征的现状，综合对比分析耕地征收和宅基地征收给农民生计资本带来的影响。结果表明：耕地被征后，农户自然资本减少到零，人力资本显著减少，金融资本和物质资本显著增加，社会资本略有增加；而宅基地被征后，农户人力资本显著提高，而金融资本显著降低，物质资本、社会资本以及自然资本无显著差异。通过对生计资本二级指标的分析找到各类生计资本变化的根源：由两种征地引起的人力资本变化主要表现在岗位人力资本方面，通用人力资本基本不变；金融资本的变化主要表现在家庭收入的总体缓慢下降趋势，借贷款更加困难以及补贴收入的减少；社会资本的变化主要表现在耕地被征之后，意识型社会资本提高，而宅基地被征之后这类资本的下降由于组织型社会资本的上升而弥补，使其总量水平保持不变；物质资本方面，耕地被征后，农户的家庭生活生产资料无显著变化，而房屋和基础设施得到明显改善，而当宅基地被征之后这三类具体的物质资本都没有得到明显提升；自然资本在耕地被征之后就直接减少为零，人们因此脱离了对自然资本的依赖。在此基础上，文章假设生计资本越优的农户，生活状况越好。为验证这一假设，文章将农户生活满意度作为反映农户生计状况的指标，并对其进行影响因素进行分析。结果表明，生计资本存量与生活满意度成正相关，即生计资本存量较高的农户，生活满意度较高，反之，则生活满意度较低。这为生计资本对农户生计的影响提供了主观的验证。文章的可能创新之处在于将耕地被征和宅基地被征区别研究，并对两类征地对农户生计资本的影响进行对比分析，把征地给农户生计产生的影响同地区经济发展水平结合起来。结论部分文章总结归纳了本文的主要研究成果，讨论部分对该课题的一些延续问题做了提示性说明。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land acquisition going with industrialization and urbanization does not create theopportunity for rural household living in under-developed region to enjoy the fruit of socialand economic development, but the new threat on their vulnerable livelihood. The reason forthe result lies in the huge difference between the compensation of land acquisition andfarmers’ expectation. In another words, rural household is passive receiver in the process.Current research in the dependent third-party, which just suggest the government and farmerwhat they should, makes little sense in improving the vital interests of rural household.Because we should not pay much attention to what they should do but what they could do. So,if we can transfer our standpoint and stand on the position of farmer to consider the problemcaused by land appropriating, we could grasp the essence of the impact on the rural householdbrought by the phenomenon.By virtue of the thought of Matching DID, the impact on livelihood caused by farmlandacquisition and homestead acquisition was contrast analyzed.The result shows that due to farmland acquisition, natural capital reduces to zero directlyand human capital decreases notably, whereas, both financial capital and physical capitalincreases significantly and social capital was improved slightly. In contrast, when thehomestead was confiscated, human capital of rural household was promoted, financial capitalimpaired sharply, there is no marked change of physical capital, natural capital and socialcapital. In order to find the root of the change of five kind of capital, paper analyses thesecondary indicator of them. From the result, we can find that the change of human capitalmainly comes from the alteration of special human capital of specific position, and there is nosignificant variation in general human capital. As for the mutation of financial capital, thetotal trend of family income, increasing difficulty of loaning and borrowing for household andlowering subsidy are the main reasons for it. When it comes to social capital, consciousnesssocial capital was promoted after the cultivated land was confiscated and the tissue-typefunction of social capital does not change obviously. After the homestead was confiscated, consciousness social capital decreases and the organizational capital increases significantly soas to social capital remain unchanged. About physical capital, there is no obvious changehappening to material in life and production of household, but house and infrastructure areimproved much better. Whereas, after homestead-appropriated, the three kinds of physicalcapital mentioned above have no significant improvement. Since the farmland wasconfiscated, people cut the reliance on farmland.On this basis, paper proposes an assumption: people who have better livelihood capitalhave better living situation. With the purpose of verifying this idea, paper take life satisfactionof farmer as the indicator of living situation and analyzes the possible influencing factors. Theresult shows, there is a positive correlation between livelihood capital and the degree of lifesatisfaction, which provides the assumption with subjective validation. The possibleinnovation of the dissertation lies in the comparative analysis of impact on rural householdcapital caused by farm-land acquisition and homestead-acquisition and combines theinfluence with level of region economic development. The summary of research achievementsome derivational problems are exhibited in the conclusion part.更多还原