【作者】 王睿；

【导师】 冯俊涛；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 西北农林科技大学无公害农药研究服务中心前期筛选发现甘草（Glycyrrhizaeuralensis）、吴茱萸（Tetradium ruticarpum）、苦马豆（Sphaerophysa salsula）和益母草（Leonurus artemisia (Lour.) S. Y. Hu）这四种植物具有一定的杀螨活性。本论文在前期研究的基础上，进一步测试这四种植物提取物的活性，旨在为开发新的植物源杀螨剂提供依据。得到如下结果：1.玻片浸渍法测试表明，供试甘草、吴茱萸、苦马豆和益母草等四种植物丙酮提取物均有一定杀螨活性，其中益母草杀螨活性最高，供试浓度为0.2gDW/ml时，对酢酱草茹叶螨(Tetranychina hani)的24h校正死亡率为78.89%，对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychuscinnabarinu)的24h校正死亡率为62.92%。2.以朱砂叶螨为供试害螨，采用玻片浸渍法测试了吴茱萸碱、异槲皮苷等17种来源于甘草、吴茱萸、苦马豆和益母草的化合物的杀螨活性。结果表明在200-2000mg/L剂量下供试17种植物源化合物有一定杀螨活性，但活性均较低，对供试害螨24h校正死亡率均低于50%。其中吴茱萸碱和异槲皮苷活性较高，1000mg/L处理下，供试害螨48h校正死亡率分别为59.28%和57.54%。3.以提取率和杀螨活性为指标，对益母草杀螨活性物质提取溶剂进行筛选。结果表明，水的提取率最高，为11.19%，95%乙醇次之，为6.76%；石油醚提取率最低，为1.89%。采用玻片浸渍法，以干样方式定量进行生物活性测定，供试浓度为0.2gDW/ml时95%乙醇提取物对供试害螨酢酱草茹叶螨和朱砂叶螨均表现出最好的毒杀活性。故在益母草提取中选用95%乙醇作为溶剂。4.以益母草95%乙醇提取浸膏作为供试材料，通过对溶剂和乳化剂的筛选，配制出18%益母草提取物乳油，质量检测符合农药质量标准。盆栽药效试验结果表明稀释100倍剂量对朱砂叶螨一至七天有较好药效。综合以上结果分析认为该四种植物杀螨活性的进一步开发利用研究应侧重于与其他天然产物的增效复配。更多还原

【Abstract】 The preliminary research results of Northwest A&F University Research&DevelopmentCenter of Biorational Pesticide (RDCBP) in screening of acaricidal activity show that theextracts of four plants Glycyrrhizae uralensis, Tetradium ruticarpum,Sphaerophysa salsulaand Leonurus artemisia (Lour.) SY Hu) have some acaricidal activity. In this paper, based onpreliminary studies, further testing active of these four plant extracts, designed to providebasis for developing new botanical acaricide. Results are as follows:1. The test results of slide immersion showed that all of the acetone extracts of fourplants Glycyrrhizae uralensis,Tetradium ruticarpum, Sphaerophysa salsula and Leonurusartemisia (Lour.) SY Hu have some acaricidal activity, which the L. Artemisia (Lour.) SY Huhas the strongest acaricidal activity, at the concentrate of0.2g DW/ml, the corrected mortalityin24h to Tetranychina harti is78.89%, and the corrected mortality in24h to Tetranychuscinnabarinu is62.92%.2. Taking T. cinnabarinu as the test pest mites, use the slide impregnation method, testthe acaricidal activity of17compounds derived from G. uralensis，T. ruticarpum，S. salsulaand L. Artemisia (Lour.) SY Hu, and found: all of the17species of compound have lowacaricidal activity, but the corrected mortality in24h are less than50%; Evodiamine andIsoquercitrin at the concentrate of1000mg/L, the corrected mortality rates in48h were59.28%and57.54%.3. The screening result of extraction solvent of L. Artemisia (Lour.) SY Hu measuredwith the extract rate and acaricidal activity showed：The highest extraction rate of the fivesolvents is water, the extraction rate is11.19%,the extraction rate of95%ethanol is6.76%;petroleum ether extract has the lowest rate of1.89%. Use the slide impregnation method, inthe form of extract fixed quantity, at the concentrate of0.2g DW/ml, the95%ethanol extractof L. Artemisia (Lour.) SY Hu (Inner Mongolia) presents the best bioactivity to Tetranychinaharti and Tetranychus cinnabarinu. Therefore, choose the95%ethanol as the best solvent. 4. Use the95%ethanol extract of L. Artemisia (Lour.) SY Hu as the test material andthrough screening of the solvent and emulsifier, to develop a environmental EC formulation,and developed a kind of Botanical acaricide, test the quality of the environmental EC andfound to comply with the quality standards of pesticides.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above results, the acaricidal activityresearch of these four plants on exploitation and utilization in future should focus on thesynergies with other natural products.更多还原