【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 上官新晨； 文喜贤；

【作者基本信息】 江西农业大学 ， 食品加工与安全， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 我国鸡蛋产量位居世界第一,但其在国际贸易额所占的比例却非常少。目前,我国蛋鸡养殖企业数量多,规模小,设施简陋,相互间竞争十分激烈。在此背景下,许多蛋鸡养殖业主和生产经营者为了获得更高的利润,采取了不合理甚至违法的饲养和生产措施。如不合理使用、滥用抗生素现象等非常普遍。而目前我国针对鸡蛋的安全风险评估体系尚未有效开展。同时,相关法律法规缺失,鸡蛋质量标准体系不完善,质量安全控制体系不健全,使得我国对于鲜鸡蛋的质量安全监管处于极为被动的境地,这势必造成鸡蛋质量安全问题十分严峻,威胁到消费者的健康安全。基于此,本论文分析了我国鸡蛋质量安全的现状,并提出了一些有针对性的发展对策,因此,本论文非常必要且具有现实意义。本论文研究得出如下主要结论：1、我国是世界上鸡蛋生产和消费大国,但鸡蛋质量安全问题已成为当前鸡蛋产业面临的主要矛盾,在分析了我国鸡蛋质量安全形势的基础上,阐述了影响我国鸡蛋质量安全的几种主要污染物及其对人体健康的危害。2、基于我国鸡蛋质量安全现状,分析鸡蛋存在质量安全问题的根源。阐述了造成我国鸡蛋存在质量安全问题的原因,提出了我国现阶段鸡蛋质量安全问题的风险来源,即病原微生物感染、兽药滥用、环境和饲料中农药残留、重金属污染和非法添加化学违禁物。3、提出了从根本上解决我国鸡蛋质量安全问题的对策及措施,主要体现在三个方面：一是科学规范蛋鸡养殖环节；二是加强鸡蛋生产监管；三是进一步提高鸡蛋质量检测技术水平。这些举措对鸡蛋安全生产和管理具有一定的参考和借鉴价值,并简要展望我国鸡蛋未来的发展趋势。本论文研究成果在一定程度上可为我国鸡蛋质量安全管理体系的建立与完善提供决策支持,进一步提高我国鸡蛋质量安全性和促进鸡蛋产业的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, egg production in our country has been ranked first in the world, but the proportion of eggs in the international trade is very small. At present, the characteristics of hens breeding enterprises in China are large number, small scale, simple facilities, and intense competition, leading to many farm owners and operators adopt unreasonable or/and illegal breeding and production measures to obtain more profits. The serious phenomenon of unresonable and abusing of antibiotics is bound to threaten the health and safety of consumers. However, our country’s food safety risk assessment system on multi-drug residues in high risk food like eggs is still not effective. Moreover, the relevant laws and regulations, quality standard system and quality and safety control system are imperfect, making our country on fresh eggs quality and safety supervision is in a extremely passive position. Based on the above reasons, this paper analyzed the current situation of eggs quality and safety in China, and put forward to some constructive development strategies. Therefore, this issue is very necessary and meaningful.The main conclusions were concerned with the following aspects:1. China is power country of egg production and consumption in the world, however, quality and safety of egg has become main contradiction in the egg industry. In this part, the current situations of our country’s eggs were reviewed, and described the several main pollutants impacting egg quality and their harms to human health.2. Based on the current situation of egg quality and safety in China, the sources of various pollutants existed in eggs were analyzed respectively, and the cause of egg quality security in China was also described. The risk sources of egg quality and safety included the pathogenic microorganism infection, drug abuse, pesticide residue, heavy metal pollution and illegally added chemicals harmful substances.3. The development strategies and measures to solve fundamentally the problem of egg quality and safety in our country were put forward, including scientific and standardized ideas of breeding hens links, strengthen the egg production supervision and management, and further improve the inspection technology of egg quality. These initiatives have certain reference values for egg safety production and management. Furthermore, the future development trend of egg in China were also summarized and prospected briefly. This paper will provide decision support for the establishment and improvement of eggs quality and safety management system in China to some extent, which will also contribute to improving the safety of our country’s eggs and promoting the development of egg industry.更多还原