【作者】 张健；

【导师】 边银丙；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 作物， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 香菇因其丰富的营养价值和药用价值而深受消费者喜爱,现已成为世界上第二大人工栽培的食用菌,产量仅次于双孢蘑菇,在世界占有重要地位。香菇代料栽培的传统基质是阔叶树木屑,由于产业的快速发展和阔叶林资源日趋枯竭,需要积极探索替代木屑的其它资源。本课题通过对柑橘枝条屑、板栗苞壳粉和竹屑进行香菇代料栽培研究,比较不同的培养料配方及其栽培模式,研究不同林果植物废弃物对香菇栽培中菌丝生长、子实体产量、生物学效率和子实体商品性状的影响,从而获得最优培养料配方,为林果植物废弃物在香菇代料栽培中的充分利用奠定基础。在利用柑橘枝条屑栽培香菇的试验中,按照一定的比例将柑橘枝条屑与常规阔叶树木屑混合,制成不同配方的培养料,其中柑橘枝条屑含量分别为20%、40%、60%、80%,相对应的阔叶树木屑含量分别为60%、40%、20%、0%,其余为辅料,依次编号A、B、C、D,并以阔叶树木屑作为对照(CK)。对5种配方分别采用夏季覆土栽培和秋季层架栽培,分别以香菇主栽菌株夏香18和秋栽7号为供试菌株。结果表明,在两种栽培模式中,配方A、B、C、D菌丝长速基本都快于照组CK；配方B、C的满袋时间和现蕾时间均快于对照组；配方A、B、C的产量和生物学效率均高于对照组；子实体的形态特征,除了配方D,其它配方的子实体均良好。在利用板栗苞壳粉栽培香菇的试验中,当采用夏季栽培时,以香菇主栽菌株夏香18为供试菌株,将板栗苞壳粉分别以25%、50%、80%的比例与常规阔叶树木屑混合,配方编号依次为A、B、C,并以常规阔叶树木屑作为对照。结果表明,供试菌株在配方B、C中菌丝长速慢且不出菇,配方A的产量也较对照组低。当采用秋季栽培时,以秋栽7号为供试菌株,以常规阔叶树木屑作为对照组,以不同比例的板栗苞壳粉与常规阔叶树木屑混合,制成不同配方的培养料,配方编号依次为D、E、F、G。结果表明,配方E、G的菌丝长速快于或接近于对照组,但现蕾时间较晚晚；对照组的产量和生物学效率处于最高水平,所有配方的子实体形态特征均与对照组相近或优于对照组。在利用竹屑进行香菇代料栽培的试验中,以L109为供试菌株采用秋季露地栽培时,将竹屑按照一定的比例与阔叶树木屑混合,制成不同配方的培养料,其中竹屑含量分别为20%、40%、60%、80%,其余为木屑和辅料,依次编号A、B、C、D,并以常规阔叶树木屑作为对照。结果表明,配方A、B、C、D的菌丝长速均快于对照组,现蕾时间与对照组相近；配方B的产量和生物学效率最高,配方D最低；除了配方D,其它配方子实体的形态特征均与对照组相近。综上所述,柑橘枝条屑、板栗苞壳粉和竹屑分别可以用于香菇代料栽培的不同模式中,其中柑橘枝条屑含量在60%以内,板栗苞壳粉含量在25%以内,竹屑含量在60%以内时,子实体产量和生物学效率均较高,子实体外观性状较良好。其中,以柑橘枝条屑40%、木屑40%、辅料20%在秋季层架栽培模式下,以板栗苞壳粉20%、木屑60%、辅料20%在秋季层架栽培模式下,以竹屑40%、木屑40%、辅料20%在秋季露地栽培模式下,其产量和生物学效率最高,子实体的外观性状优良。通过生物学性状之间的相关性分析,培养料对香菇生长过程中的生物学性状有一定的影响,并且适宜的培养料是香菇菌丝良好生长的首要前提,现蕾时间与子实体的生物学效率呈显著的负相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lentinula edodes is popular with people because of its rich nutritional and medicinal value. Lentinula edodes has a very important position in the world,now it’s the second largest artificial cultivation mushroom, the yield is only less than Agaricus bisporus.The traditional cultivation materials of Lentinula eddoes is hardwood sawdust, As the industry’s rapid development and the resource of broad-leaved forest continual depletion,we need to actively explore other resources to replace the sawdust. This project is to study the materials of citrus branch chips, chestnut shell powder and bamboo chips in the cultivation of Lentinula edodes, to compare different medium formula and cultivation methods, and to research the influenceofseveral kinds of tree and fruit tree residues to hypha growth,yield,biological efficiency and commodity character. We Obtained the optimal formula, and laid the foundation of tree and fruit tree residues in the cultivation of Lentinula edodes.In the test of shiitake mushroom cultivation by citrus branch chips as main medium, citrus branch chips and hardwood sawdust were mixed in different ratios to make different formulations. the contents of citrus branch chips were20%,40%,60%,80%and respectively the contents of hardwood sawdust were60%,40%,20%,0,the rest was thesupplementary,named A,B,C,D. The formula of hardwood sawdust as the only ingredients was regarded as control(CK).In the five formulas, Xiaxiang18and Qiuzai number7were the selected strains which shiitake cultivation by cultivation with the casing soil covering on cultural bags in summer and cultivation with the cultural bags placed on shelves in greenhouses in autumn respectively.The results showed that in the two methods of cultivation, growth rate of A,B,C,D were faster than CK.Spawn run time and fruitbodying of B,C were faster than CK. Yield and biological efficiency of A,B,C were higher than CK.In morphological characteristics of fruitbody,all formulations were good besides formula D.In the test of shiitake mushroom cultivation by chestnut shell powder as main medium,Xiaxiang18was the selected strains which shiitake cultivation in the summer.Chestnut shell powder were25%,50%,80%respectively and mixed with hardwood sawdust,in turn be numbers for A,B,C. The formula of hardwood sawdust as the only ingredients is regarded as control(CK). It turned out that growth rate of B,C were slower and could not form fruitbody.Yieldof A was lower than CK,too. Qiuzai number7was the selected strains which shiitake cultivation in the autumn. The formula of hardwood sawdust as the only ingredientswas regarded as control(CK). Chestnut shell powder and hardwood sawdust were mixed in different ratiosto make of different formulations, and they were numbered D,E,F,G. It turned out that growth rate of E,G were faster than or close to CK,butfruitbodying were later. Yield and biological efficiency of CK were the highest level.All morphological characteristics of fruitbody of formulations were superior or close to CK.In the test of shiitake mushroom cultivation by bamboo chips as main medium, L109was the selected strains which shiitake cultivation by cultivation with the cultural bags standed on the ground in greenhouses after plastic bags removal in autumn. Bamboo chips and hardwood sawdust were mixed in different ratiosto make of different formulations,and the contents of bamboo chips were20%,40%,60%,80%and respectively the contents of hardwood sawdust were60%,40%,20%,0,the rest is thesupplementary,named A,B,C,D. The formula of hardwood sawdust as the only ingredients wasregarded as control(CK).The results indicated that growth rate of A,B,C,D were faster than CK, fruitbodying were close to CK. Yield and biological efficiency of formula B were highest,an formula D were lowest.In morphological characteristics of fruitbody,all formulations were good and close to CK besides formula D.In conclusion, citrus branch chips, chestnut shell powder and bamboo chips could be respectively used to cultivate shiitake mushroom in different methods. Separately, when the proportion of citrus branch chips within60%, the proportion of chestnut shell powder within25%, the proportion of bamboo chips within60%, yield and biological efficiency were higher, morphological characteristics of fruitbody were better.Among,yield and biological efficiencyare highest, appearance of fruitbody were excellent if cultivation of shiitake mushroom by citrus branch chips40%, sawdust40%, supplementary20%in cultivation with the cultural bags placed on shelves in greenhouses in autumn,and chestnut shell powder20%, sawdust60%, supplementary20%in cultivation with the cultural bags placed on shelves in greenhouses in autumn,and bamboo chips40%, sawdust40%, supplementary20%in cultivation with the cultural bags standed on the ground in greenhouses after plastic bags removal in autumn.By correlation analysis between the biological character of cultivation of shiitake mushroom, we found that different medium had effect on biological character.And itwas the first prerequisite of appropriate medium what mycelia can grow well. Fruitbodying had a significant negative influence on biological efficiency of fruitbody.更多还原