【作者】 田雨；

【导师】 徐世红；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 辩论是富于技巧的对话，目的是要说服并影响对方及他人的观点。辩论不同于一般的对话，带有强烈的目的性和攻击性，因此辩论语言也被赋予更多的技巧性与策略性，是语言学中研究语言策略运用的上佳文本类型。2012年美国第57届总统选举刚刚落下帷幕，在现任总统奥巴马与共和党候选人罗姆尼之间展开激烈角逐，举行的三场辩论也极富戏剧性，一波三折。从奥巴马第一场惨遭滑铁卢，到第二场小胜一筹，再到终场完胜，三场辩论中的话语博弈变幻莫测，策略转换纷繁，十足为扣人心弦的头脑风暴。这也使得这一届的总统电视辩论成为不可多得的辩论语言策略研究的素材。评价理论是马丁对系统功能语言学人际意义资源的拓展。透过对语言的分析评价语言使用者对事态的立场、观点和态度。将评价理论应用在分析美国总统大选辩论中文本中可以系统研究候选人辩论语言背后的实际含义和深层目的，从而总结出候选人辩论语言的策略性和辩论风格。本文采用定性分析方法，以2012年美国大选三场电视辩论文本为分析素材，参考一般性辩论策略对总统大选辩论策略进行分类和归纳。同时详细研究2012年大选辩论文本，对其中运用的辩论策略进行分析和归类，总结出双方候选人倾向的辩论风格。同时对三场辩论中奥巴马的辩论表现进行单独分析，研究得出奥巴马三场辩论中的策略选择变化以及策略运用的转变。本文旨在通过对特殊目的性话语情景中语言策略性特点的研究，尝试分析如何让语言表达更有力度、更有目的性，从而使交流更有效。让语言成为人们生活中表达立场和观点，影响他人，传递思想和理念，促进人际交流的有效工具与媒介。更多还原

【Abstract】 Debate is a multi-lateral interaction rich in strategic language, and it aims atpersuading and influencing the opposite sides. Different from general conversation, itis prominent in purpose-oriented and attacking language. Therefore, debating languageis decorated with extensive use of techniques and strategies, which makes it one of thebest text types for the study of linguistic strategy application.The2012American presidential election was held between the incumbentpresident Obama and the Republican candidate Romney. The results of the threedebates is like a documentary showing how we can learn from Obama’s change ofdebating strategies that helps him turn the table of his first debate failure. After havinghis Waterloo in his first debate, Obama changes his application of debating strategies,wins the second one by a small margin and at last accomplishes a total victory in hisfinal one. The swift changes of debating strategies and controversial issue brainstormmake it a perfect material for debating language study.Appraisal Theory proposed by Martin sets out to evaluate stances, points of viewand attitudes of speaker holds with regards to the things he or she talks about by meansof language analysis. It is applied in the research of American presidential debate tounveil the actual meaning and ultimate purposes hidden behind the language the twocandidates utter in the debates. In this way, debating strategies and strategiesadjustments of the two candidates are concluded.The thesis is conducted in the method of qualitative analysis. All the analysis isbased on the transcripts of the three debates of2012American presidential election.With reference to the knowledge of general debating strategies, presidential debatestrategies are classified and summarized. Meanwhile, through the study of2012presidential debate transcripts, the adopted debating strategies are sorted out andstrategies adjustments of each candidate are obtained. Furthermore, an exclusiveanalysis of Obama’s debating performances will be conducted to witness his changesin strategy selection and application. Based on the transcripts and research methods stated above, the thesis tries toconclude how to make language more powerful and purpose-oriented through thestudy of strategic feature of language in special conversation setting so as to makecommunication more effective. Based on the thesis, the author hopes to explore how tomake language an effective tool to declare stances, speak out opinions, influence others,convey ideas and promote interpersonal communication.更多还原