【作者】 李春瑛；

【导师】 李春玉；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 护理学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：描述并分析延吉市社区老年人的健康状况和生活质量的现状及影响因素；确认社区老年人健康状况与生活质量的相关关系；明确健康状况对生活质量的影响。方法：对延吉市698名老年人进行了结构式访谈收集问卷,工具包括社会人口学特征问卷、ICF工具、生活质量测量量表；利用百分率、均数、标准差等描述社会人口学特征,健康状况、生活质量、生活习惯和健康态度的现状；利用T检验、One-Way ANOVA分析健康状况的7个维度与生活质量在人口统计学上的差异；利用Pearson相关分析研究对象的生活习惯与健康信念与健康状况和生活质量的相关性,健康状况与生活质量之间的相关性；运用多元逐步回归对健康状况和生活质量的影响因素进行分析。结果：(1)延吉市社区老年人健康状况得分上,运动功能的平均得分为(5.56±2.88)、听觉功能得分为(5.50±1.82)、视觉功能的平均得分为(3.65±1.68)、记忆功能的平均得分为(3.43±2.21)、情绪平均得分为(8.26±3.70)、活动状况的平均得分为(10.36±2.49)、参与活动的平均得分为(7.73±3.90)。(2)生活质量的平均得分为(17.85±6.18)。(3)健康状况上,研究对象的身体功能的5个维度在性别、民族、年龄、婚姻状况、家庭结构、文化程度、睡眠时间以及自评健康不同的人群中有显著差异。研究对象的参与活动要素在性别、民族、婚姻状况、家庭结构、文化程度、睡眠时间、自评健康不同的人群中有显著差异。朝鲜族、年龄在70岁以上,婚姻状况为丧偶或其他状况、独居、文化程度在小学以下、睡眠时间小于7小时以及自评健康为不好的研究对象其健康状况较差。生活质量在不同性别、民族、年龄、婚姻状况、家庭结构、文化程度、睡眠时间、自评健康的人群中有差异,性别为男性、汉族、年龄在60岁组、婚姻状况为已婚、夫妻两人居住、文化程度为初中以上、睡眠时间大于7小时、自评健康好的研究对象其生活质量得分较高。(4)年龄、自评健康、生活习惯、性别共同解释了运动功能总变异的63.1%：自评健康、年龄、生活习惯、睡眠共同解释了听觉功能总变异的37.7%；自评健康、生活习惯、民族、睡眠共同解释了视觉功能总变异的33.1%；自评健康、生活习惯、睡眠共同解释了记忆功能总变异的28.0%；自评健康、生活习惯、民族和工作情况共同解释了情绪状况总变异的37.8%。活动状况与参与活动中,自评健康、生活习惯、年龄、民族与性别共同解释了活动状况总变异的52.9%；自评健康、生活习惯、年龄和文化程度共同解释了参与活动总变异的45.2%。自评健康、生活习惯、婚姻状况和健康信念共同解释了生活质量总变异的50.0%。(5)运动功能、听觉功能、视觉功能、记忆功能、情绪、活动状况和参与活动均与生活质量有显著正相关,其中生活质量与运动功能的相关度最大,其相关度从高到低依次为记忆与情绪、参与活动、活动状况、听觉功能和视觉功能。(6)在控制了社会人口学变量后,健康状况的运动功能(β=0.592,p=0.000)、记忆(β=0.400,p=0.000)、情绪(p=0.207,p=0.001)、活动状况(β=0.254,p=0.006)和参与活动(p=0.165,p=0.004)对生活质量依然有显著影响。结论：(1)健康状况得分换算为百分比后活动状况得分最高,参与活动得分最低,除了参与活动与记忆功能外,其他5个维度得分均高于60%,说明社区老年人的健康状况处于中等水平,老年人的健康状况水平还有待改善。(2)研究对象的生活质量得分为(17.85±6.18),按百分比换算后得分为74.4%,社区老年人的生活质量得分处于中上等水平。(3)朝鲜族、年龄在70岁以上,婚姻状况为丧偶或其他状况、独居、文化程度在小学以下、睡眠时间小于7小时以及自评健康为不好的研究对象其健康状况较差；性别为女性、朝鲜族、年龄大于70岁,丧偶和独居、文化程度在小学以下、睡眠时间小于7小时、自评健康为不好的老年人其生活质量较差。(4)年龄、自评健康、生活习惯和睡眠情况是运动功能的影响因素；自评健康、年龄、生活习惯、睡眠是听觉功能的影响因素；自评健康、生活习惯、民族以及睡眠是视觉功能的影响因素；自评健康、生活习惯和睡眠是记忆功能的影响因素；自评健康、生活习惯、民族与工作情况是情绪状况的影响因素；此外,自评健康、生活习惯、年龄、民族、性别是活动状况的影响因素；自评健康、生活习惯、年龄、文化程度是参与活动的影响因素。自评健康、生活习惯、婚姻状况和健康信念为生活质量的影响因素。(5)运动功能、听觉功能、视觉功能、记忆功能、情绪、活动状况和参与活动与生活质量均有显著正相关,说明老年人的身体功能越好、参与社会活动越多其生活质量也越高。在控制社会人口学变量后,健康状况的运动功能、记忆、情绪、活动状况和参与活动对生活质量有显著影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives:To describe and analyses the related factors of health status and quality of life with the elderly in community. Confirm the relationship of health status and quality of life of the elderly in community. To clearify the health status influencing of quality of life.Methods:In YanJi city698elderly were structured interviewed. Structural interview tool includes demographic questionnaire, ICF tools, quality of life measurement scale. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the elderly characteristics. Independent t-test and One-Way ANOVA were used to analysis population difference of health status and quality of life, Multiple Linear regression was used to analysis factors influencing of health status and quality of life. Pearson Correlation was used to analysis habits and health beliefs relate with health status and quality of life; health status relate with quality of life. Multiple Linear regression was used to analysis health status influencing of quality of life. Stepwise regression analyses was used to examine the influencing of health status on quality of life.Results:(1) The average score of health status:motor function was (5.56±2.88)、auditory function was (5.50±1.82)、visual function was (3.65±1.68)、memory function was (3.43±2.21)、mood was (8.26±3.70)、the status of activities was (10.36±2.49)、 participate was (7.73±3.90)(2) The average score of quality of life was (17.85±6.18)(3) The influential factors of Physical function was Gender, ethnicity, age, marital status, family structure, education level, sleep time and self-rated health. The influential factors of gender, ethnicity, marital status, family structure, education level, sleep duration, self-rated health. Social participation Individuals with poor health status more likely to be Korean-Chinese, older, widowed, live alone, low education, less than7hours of sleep time and poor self-rated health. The influential factors of quality of life was gender, ethnicity, age, marital status, family structure, education level, sleep duration, self-rated health. Social participation Individuals with higher quality of life more likely to be male, Chinese, younger, Married, couples living, high education, more than seven hours sleep time, well self-rated health.(4) Age, self-rated health, habits and gender amounted for63.1%of motor function; Self-rated health, age, habits, sleep amounted for37.7%of auditory function; Self-rated health, habits, ethnic, sleep amounted for33.1%of visual function; Self-rated health, habits, sleep amounted for28.0%of memory function; Self-rated health, habits, ethnic, and work amounted for37.8%of Emotional condition; Self-rated health, habits, age, ethnic, and gender amounted for52.9%of the status of activities; Self-rated health, habits, age and education level amounted for45.2%of Participate. Self-rated health, habits, marital status and health beliefs amounted for50.0%of quality of life.(5) The results showed motor function, auditory function, visual function, memory, emotions, activity status, and participate in activities had significant positive correlation with quality of life.(6) Inadequate Motor function (β=0.592, p=0.000), Memory (β=0.400, p=0.000), Mood (β=0.207, p=0.001), status of activities (β=0.254, p=0.006) and participate in activities (β=0.165, p=0.004) influenced quality of life.Conclusion:(1) In health status, status of activities was highest, participate in activities was lowest. The elderly health status at a medium level, we also efforts to improve elderly health status.(2) The average score of quality of life was (17.85±6.18), The health status of the elderly in the community in the upper level.(3) Social participation Individuals with poor health status more likely to be Korean-Chinese, older, widowed, live alone, low education, less than7hours of sleep time and poor self-rated health. Social participation Individuals with poor quality of life more likely to be female, Korean-Chinese, older, widowed, live alone, low education, less than7hours of sleep time and poor self-rated health.(4) Age, self-rated health, habits and gender affected on motor function; Self-rated health, age, habits, sleep affected on auditory function; Self-rated health, habits, ethnic, sleep affected on visual function; Self-rated health, habits, sleep affected on memory function; Self-rated health, habits, ethnic, and work affected on Emotional condition; Self-rated health, habits, age, ethnic, and gender affected on the status of activities; Self-rated health, habits, age and education level affected on Participate. Self-rated health, habits, marital status and health beliefs amounted for50.0%of quality of life.(5) The results showed motor function, auditory function, visual function, memory, emotions, activity status, and participate in activities had significant positive correlation with quality of life. Inadequate Motor function, Memory, Mood, status of activities and participate in activities influenced quality of life.更多还原