【作者】 刘莹；

【导师】 陈一；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 “重要”、“主要”和“首要”是现代汉语中使用频率比较高的一组同义词，由于三者词义相近，所以人们在使用的过程中经常将它们互换，但是“重要”、“主要”和“首要”还有很多情况是不能替换的，对于这些不能替换的情况和三者之间的具体差异以往还缺乏全面地考察。因此，本文从句法功能、组配关系、语义语用特征等方面对三者的异同进行研究。通过这一组个案的研究，使我们对汉语形容词与区别词交叉分布、语义功能的异同，对语义相近区别词与名词之间选择关系的异同，可以有比较深入的了解。绪论部分主要包括：研究对象和选题缘起；相关研究综述；本文的研究意义、所运用的理论和方法；语料来源。第一章从句法功能方面对“重要”、“主要”和“首要”进行了比较，明确三者在句法功能方面的相同点与不同点。第二章主要考察“重要”、“主要”和“首要”与名词之间的组配关系，及三者在作定语时的差异。“重要”修饰的名词多为积极义和中性义名词，修饰消极义名词相对较少。“重要”修饰积极义与中性义名词是无标记组配，修饰消极义名词则是有标记组配。“主要”修饰的名词多数为集体中的成员有主从关系，或者是整体中的部分具有主从关系的。“主要”与同一类别中的“主体”名词搭配是无标记组配，与表示“从属”义名词搭配是有标记组配。三者都能修饰的名词多为积极义和中性义，并且内部可以区分出“等级”与“主次”。“重要”修饰名词，着重强调名词的等级，表示评价的语义；“主要”修饰名词，强调的是名词的主体范围，表示解释说明的语义；“首要”修饰名词，则强调的是相关事物的次序性。第三章考察了“重要”、“主要”和“首要”修饰名词时不能相互替换的情况。“重要”和“主要”作定语修饰同一名词时，当前面出现数量词，或者后面出现“之一”时，“重要”和“主要”可以相互替换，但不能替换成“首要”；当说话人用“主要”来形容自己的文章著作表示自谦时，“主要”不能替换成“重要”；当“重要”、“主要”和“首要”作定语所修饰名词有情感色彩变化时，三者不能随意替换。总结部分对“重要”、“主要”和“首要”的异同进行了总结性的说明，并且提出有待于进一步思考和研究的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 "ZhongYao","ZhuYao" and "ShouYao" is often used in modern Chinese highcompared to a group of synonyms, three because the similar meaning, so in the processof using them often interchangeable, but "ZhongYao","ZhuYao" and "ShouYao" and inmany cases are not replaceable, for specific the difference between these three cannotreplace and there exist certain space exploration. Therefore, in this paper, the function ofsyntax, the matching relationship between semantic and pragmatic features ofsimilarities and differences of the three. Through the research of this group case, wedescribe the similarities and differences between word and word cross distribution,semantic function of the Chinese language, the similarities and differences of similarsemantic selection relationship between different words and nouns, can have a betterunderstanding of.The introduction part mainly includes: the research object and the origin of thistopic; research review; theory and method of the significance of this research, using thedata source.The first chapter of the syntactic function of "ZhongYao","ZhuYao" and"ShouYao" were compared to three, clear similarities in syntactic function and differentpoints.The second chapter mainly inspects the "ZhongYao","ZhuYao" and "ShouYao"and between nouns matching relationships, differences and three in the attributive."ZhongYao" noun meaning is positive and neutral noun, noun modified less negative."ZhongYao" modified positive meaning and neutral nouns are unmarked group,negative and modified nouns are marked with."ZhuYao" noun most to members of thecollective have the master-slave relationship, or the whole part has a master-slaverelationship. And in the same category "main body" the nouns are unmarked group, andsaid "slave" noun collocations are limited, is a mark of group. Three can the noun ispositive and neutral semantic meaning, and the internal can distinguish between "grade"and "primary and secondary"."ZhongYao" modifies the noun, emphasize the nounclasses, said evaluation semantics;"ZhuYao" modifies the noun, the noun that is the subject scope, interpretation and defining the semantics;"ShouYao" modifies the noun,focuses on the noun sequence.The third chapter examines the "ZhongYao","ZhuYao" and "ShouYao" modifiesthe noun cannot replace each other."ZhongYao" and "ZhuYao" attributives modifyingthe same noun, as in front of or behind the number of words, can appear "one","ZhongYao" and "ZhuYao" can replace each other, but cannot be replaced with "first";when the speaker with the "main" to describe their own articles said self-deprecating,"ZhuYao" can not be replaced with "ZhongYao"; when the "ZhongYao","ZhuYao" and"ShouYao" attributive nouns have the emotional color changes, the three can not bereplaced.Summary of "ZhongYao","ZhuYao" and "ShouYao" compares the summaryexplanation, and proposed to be further thought and research problems.更多还原