【作者】 王文敬；

【导师】 续润华；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨师范大学 ， 比较教育学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 处境不利儿童学前教育是一个广受关注的教育难题。处境不利一方面阻碍儿童自身发展，另一方面也影响国家人力资源开发以及国民整体素质提升，给未来社会带来难以预测的隐患。二战后，特别是20世纪60年代以后，处境不利儿童学前教育在美国备受重视，美国联邦政府为解决处境不利儿童学前教育问题出台相关政策，取得了积极成效。与其相比，我国处境不利儿童学前教育问题更为突出，但国家政策实施的效果有待提高。虽然中美两国固有其差异，但在处境不利儿童学前教育政策问题方面仍有其相似性，存在共性规律。因而，研究二战后美国联邦政府处境不利儿童学前教育政策对我国有重要启示意义。本论文的主要内容分为以下三个部分：第一章，二战前美国联邦政府处境不利儿童学前教育政策发展的简要回顾。对二战前美国处境不利儿童学前教育背景，美国处境不利儿童学前教育政策产生的思想基础与措施，以及影响进行了简要叙述。第二章，二战后美国联邦政府处境不利儿童学前教育政策发展的脉络。从背景、措施及影响、成绩与不足三个方面分别对以维护国家地位为目标发展时期、以维护国家平衡为目标发展时期和以增加国家竞争优势为目标发展时期进行了系统梳理。第三章，二战后美国联邦政府处境不利儿童学前教育政策发展的省思。从客观上阐述了社会需要、生产力发展和认识更新这些外部助力对美国联邦制定处境不利儿童学前教育政策的影响，并总结、归纳了这一发展历程的基本特征。结合以上两方面，提出几点关于处境不利儿童学前教育政策制定的思考：政府要结合社会需要调整其政策制定的方向和力度；运用升级智慧，有取舍地保持政策连续；根据生产力的发展及时调整政策相关的经济指标。为我国制定处境不利儿童学前教育政策提供些许借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pre-school education of disadvantaged children is a difficult education problem that has attracted wide attention. The disadvantages faced by disadvantaged children not only hinder their own development on the one hand but also affect national human resource development and elevation of overall national quality on the other hand, bringing unpredictable hidden hazards to future society. Since World War Ⅱ, especially since the1960s, the pre-school education of disadvantaged children has received a lot of concern in the United States. The US Federal Government has brought in relevant policies for solving the education problem with disadvantaged children and achieved positive results. Compared with the United States, China is faced with a more prominent education problem with disadvantaged children and the implementation effect of national policy remains to be improved. Although there exist inherent differences between China and the United States, there are some similarities in issues concerning pre-school educational policies for disadvantaged children and there exists common regularity. Therefore, the study of the US Federal Government’s policies for the pre-school education of disadvantaged children after World War Ⅱ is of great enlightening significance to China.The main contents of this paper fall into three parts:Chapter1, Brief review of the development of the US Federal Government’s policies for the pre-school education of disadvantaged children before World War Ⅱ. The background of the pre-school education of disadvantaged children of the United States, ideological basis of policies for the pre-school education of disadvantaged children of the United States, relevant measures and influence of such policies are stated in brief.Chapter2, Context of the development of the US Federal Government’s policies for the pre-school education of disadvantaged children after World War Ⅱ. System combing of the development period with safeguarding natural status as the objective, the development period with safeguarding national balance as the objective and the development period with strengthening national competitive advantages as the objective are conducted respectively in terms of background, measures&influence and insufficiency.Chapter3, Reflection on the development of the US Federal Government’s policies for the pre-school education of disadvantaged children after World War Ⅱ. The effect of such external powers as social needs, productive force development and cognitive update on the US Federal Government formulating policies for the pre-school education of disadvantaged children is stated objectively, with the basic features of this development process summed up. Based on the two aspects above, several thoughts about the formulation of policies for the pre-school education of disadvantaged children are put forward:the government should adjust its policy formulation direction and intensity based on social needs; the government should use updated intelligence to maintain continuity of its appropriate policies; the government should adjust relevant economic indicators in a timely manner based on the development of productive force, which can provide some reference for the formulation of policies for the pre-school education of disadvantaged children in China.更多还原