《项狄传》与形式现实主义的两个方向

【作者】 王超；

【导师】 刘文荣；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 自面世之日起，《项狄传》就因其迥异于同时代作品的“实验”色彩而引起评论家们的广泛关注，然而，长久以来，这些研究涉及的多是《项狄传》所表现出来的独特叙述特色本身，而对于其出现的历史社会原因及在整个文学发展历程中的地位论述较少，本文的研究目的便在于运用现代叙事学理论，挖掘18世纪的哲学背景，结合笛福、菲尔丁、理查逊的艺术特色，梳理18世纪小说发展脉络，尝试揭示《项狄传》奇特艺术特色出现的原因及其在小说发展史中的地位。在继承18世纪小说传统的基础上，斯特恩吸收洛克的观念联想思想，在《项狄传》中构建了双重的时间标准；把自己的思想融合在叙述者的叙述之中，创造了戏剧化的叙述者。斯特恩发现了一种将形式现实主义的两个方向：理查逊的描述和菲尔丁的评价相结合的方式，证明了在他们各自从内部和外部对人物进行表现的方法之间并没有必然的对立，从而将18世纪小说发展的两种趋势融合在一起，拓展了文学的发展道路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since being available, The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy has beendiscussed widely for its distinctive experimental features which are different from thecontemporary works. Nevertheless, for a long time, the most of the studies usuallyconcerned its unique narrative features, rarely interpreted the historical and socialreasons that it appeared and its historical status in the course of development of thewhole literary. The purpose of this study is by using Modern narrative theory,consulting18th century’ philosophical background, summarizing the works’ artisticfeatures of Defoe, Fielding, Richardson, analyzing the development of18th century’novel, try to reveal the reasons of The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy’ peculiarartistic characteristics and its fiction status in the novel history.Inherited a18th century novel tradition, Stern absorbed Lockes concept ofassociative thinking, built a double standard of time in The life and opinions ofTristram Shandy, fused own thoughts into the narrative of the narrator own, createda dramatic narrator. Stern found the way that mixed the Richardson’s presentation ofrealism and Fielding’s realism of assessment, proved there were no directcontradiction between their methods to respective characters from the internal andexternal. Thereby mixed two trends of the development of18th-century noveltogether, expanded the literary path of development.更多还原