【作者】 王岩；

【导师】 谭继文；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 机械工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国大力发展装备制造业,对数控设备关键部件的研发、生产、制造以及故障诊断方面加大了研究。为了满足目前生产中对加工质量和精度更高的要求,实现装备制造业的全面发展,国家已将数控设备研发列入十一五重大科技专项。数控机床加工中,旋转部件的工作状态是保证加工质量的的关键因素,数控机床在装备制造业中占据着重要的地位,滚动轴承是数控机床中十分关键的部件,当机床中轴承发生故障时,不可避免的对机床产生影响,有数据显示,目前数控设备中30%的故障是由于轴承故障引起的,轴承一旦发生故障会严重影响生产效率,且状况严重时造成重大安全事故,因此,开展对数控机床滚动轴承的故障在线诊断,监测机床轴承的运行状态,具有重要的实用意义和经济意义。本文分析了数控机床进给系统中轴承部件的常用种类,以及滚动轴承的主要结构,在此基础上确定研究对象为角接触球轴承,分析了轴承的主要故障形式和形成机理以及故障振动频率,提出了基于振动信号和支持向量机的轴承故障诊断方法,研究了振动信号的小波包分析方法,将检测振动信号进行小波包分解,得到小波包能量作为特征向量,最后通过实验分析对该方法进行了实验验证。首先,从滚动轴承的主要种类、结构特点入手,在此基础上着重分析了数控机床进给系统滚动轴承的主要失效形式以及各失效形式产生的原因和现象,对失效形式、原因、现象进行了归纳总结；当机床进给轴承发生故障时,会对数控机床产生影响,本文分析了滚动轴承常见故障对数控机床进给系统的影响；对滚动轴承振动信号的特性进行了深入详细的研究。其次,研究了滚动轴承故障诊断软硬件系统的设计,基于LabVIEW和MATLAB软件实现故障信号的数据采集和数据分析处理,数据分析主要实现了振动信号的小波包分解以及小波包能量的计算,然后利用MATLAB支持向量机工具箱建立支持向量机模型,实现滚动轴承故障的模式识别。再次,在西门子数控机床802Dsl上搭建实验台,对进给系统滚动轴承的故障进行了实验分析,验证了本文基于支持向量机的数控机床滚动轴承故障诊断的有效性。最后,研究了基于PXI-6281多功能数据采集卡的滚动轴承振动信号的数据采集技术及基于Microsoft Access数据库的数据管理技术与方法,以LabVIEW为平台,开发了由数据采集模块、数据处理模块和数据分析模块组成的数控机床进给系统滚动轴承故障诊断系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, China has made great efforts to develop the equipment manufacturing industry, Increased the key components of CNC equipment of research and development, production, manufacturing, and fault diagnosis. In order to meet the production of higher quality and precision machining requirements, achieve the all-round development of the equipment manufacturing industry, research and development of the national numerical control equipment has been included in the the Eleventh Five major science and technology. In the CNC machining, the work state of the rotary member is the key factors to ensure that the processing quality. in the equipment manufacturing industry CNC machine tools occupies an important position, the rolling bearing is a very critical component of CNC machine tools, When the machine bearing failure, inevitably impact on the machine,data show that30%of the CNC equipment failure due to bearing failure, once the bearing failure it will seriously affect production efficiency, and the serious situation caused to major accidents. Therefore, to carry out online fault diagnosis of CNC machine tools Rolling monitor the operating status of the machine tool bearings, has important practical and economic significance.This paper analyzes the CNC machine tool feed system commonly used types of bearing components, as well as the main structure of the rolling bearing, on the basis, Determined the object of study is angular contact ball bearings, analyze of the main bearing failure’s form and formation mechanism and fault vibration frequency, proposed the bearing fault diagnosis method based on the vibration signal and support vector machine, analyzed vibration signals of wavelet packet analysis method, detecting vibration signals was conducted wavelet packet decomposition, get wavelet packet energy as feature vectors, Finally, through experimental analysis this method is verified.First of all, start from the the Rolling main types of structural features, the main failure mode of CNC machine tool feed system of rolling bearings as well as the various failure modes of the causes and phenomena, on this basis, summarizes the failure modes, causes phenomenon; When the machine tool feed bearing failure, it will impact the CNC machine tools, this paper analyzes the rolling bearing common fault of CNC machine tool feed system, The main feed of machine tools error and produced the phenomenon were summarized; In-depth and detailed introduct to the characteristics of the vibration signals.Secondly, this paper design the rolling bearing fault diagnosis software and hardware systems, achieve fault diagnosis system based on LabVIEW and MATLAB software, include the data acquisition and data analysis and processing, data analysis is mainly to achieve vibration signals of wavelet packet decomposition and wavelet packet energy calculations, then establish a support vector machine model using MATLAB Support Vector Machine Toolbox,achieved Rolling fault diagnosis pattern recognition.Again, Build bench on the802Dsl Siemens CNC machine tools,to the Rolling of the failure of the feed system, carried out experimental analysis, Verify the validity of CNC machine tools ball bearing fault diagnosis based on support vector machine.Finally, collect the rolling bearing vibration signal based on the PXI-6281multifunction data acquisition card data acquisition technology and data management techniques and methods based on Microsoft Access database LabVIEW platform, developed the data acquisition module, data processing module and data CNC machine tool feed system analysis module composed of rolling bearing fault diagnosis system.更多还原