【作者】 田敏；

【导师】 潘耀滨；

【作者基本信息】 山东体育学院 ， 体育教学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在当今优秀的男子撑竿跳高运动员中,持竿助跑及起跳时的瞬间速度已成为影响最终成绩的主要因素,运动员如何能控制、把握好持竿助跑的速度、节奏,将有利于减小在起跳前瞬间水平助跑速度的损失,提高助跑绝对速度利用率,也是目前研究的核心问题。鉴于此,本课题以我国男子撑竿跳高运动员助跑绝对速度利用率为研究目标,通过文献资料法和访谈法总结出影响撑竿跳高助跑绝对速度利用率的因素,通过实地测试和录像解析法获得以刘飞亮(前国家纪录保持者)、杨雁盛(现国家纪录保持者)为代表的我国优秀男子撑竿跳高运动员的具体数据,和世界记录保持者布勃卡(前苏联)以及前世界记录保持者维涅龙(法国)的部分量化指标进行对比分析,找出制约我国男子撑竿跳高助跑绝对速度利用率提高的因素。通过研究得出以下结论：1助跑速度利用率的“利用”有两种内涵,一是助跑过程中对自身最大速度的使用水平,称为助跑速度利用率；二是,运动员起跳前人体重心水平速度与助跑中人体重心最大可控速度的比值,称为助跑绝对速度利用率。这里明确了助跑速度是起跳前瞬时速度,对比数为助跑中获得的最大可控速度,而非是助跑中最大水平速度。2影响撑竿跳高运动员助跑绝对速度利用率的因素主要有：助跑距离；助跑起动与加速方式；助跑的准确性；助跑节奏；助跑至起跳身体重心的把握；助跑中持竿技术；插穴技术；起跳；心理因素和专项素质中的上下肢力量及身体协调性。3制约我国男子撑竿跳高助跑绝对速度利用率提高的主要因素有如下6点：第一,国内选手相对国外选手在最后几步助跑与降竿、举竿等动作的协调配合方面有差距,尤其是最后两步助跑衔接得不够密切。第二,从助跑最后阶段身体重心的把握上看,国内选手存在的问题：助跑倒数第一步左脚着地时身体重心出现较大的波动。起跳腿蹬离地面瞬间的身体重心高度均偏上。第三,在握竿高度和撑竿磅级与体重之差等方面来看,国内选手明显低于和小于国外选手。虽然在这两项指标上也在努力的提高,但同时增加了选手的心理压力,助跑最后几步产生了心理上紧张感,最终影响助跑绝对速度利用率。第四,杨雁盛的插穴时机要比两名国外选手和刘飞亮的插穴时机早,这与杨雁胜采用的是“跑进竿下,逼压撑竿”的起跳方式有关,是导致起跳前速度减慢的原因之一。第五,从起跳距离看,国内2名选手的起跳点相对距离较近,与他们的助跑速度、助跑绝对速度利用率、握竿高度有关。杨雁盛还受起跳方式的限制,因而显得更近些。第六,我国选手与国外优秀选手在绝对速度上相差不大,相比较而言,上下肢力量素质差距较大,国内选手协调性的训练起步晚,训练总量少。更多还原

【Abstract】 In today’s excellent man pole vaulter atheletes, the instantaneous velocity of Holding Pole Run-up and take-off has become the main factor to affect the final results. how to control and grasp the Holding Pole speed and rhythm, will decrease the loss of the instant level run-up speed in the instantaneous of take-off, and improve the Utilization rate of the absolute velocity of the run-up,that is the core problem in today’s Researches.In view of this, the subject taked the run-up absolute speed utilization rate of the man’s pole vault as the research objectives, through the literature and interviews Summed up the Influence factors of the Utilization rate of the absolute velocity of pole vault run-up; through field tests and video analytic method obtained Specific data of Feiliang Liu (former national record holder)and Yang Yansheng (the current national record holder) who represented the elite men’s pole vault athletes of our country. Thtough Comparing The part date of the world records maintained part Bubka (former Soviet Union) and former world record holder Vigne Long (France) with the Specific data of Liu and Yang, obtained the Influence factors of the Utilization rate of the absolute velocity of the man’s pole vault in our country.Through research, obtained the conclusions as following:1The "utilization"of the run-up speed Utilization rate has two connotations:First connotation is the use of their own maximum speed level in the run-up process, referred to as the utilization rate of the run-up speed; Second connotation is the ratio of the the horizontal velocity of the The gravity center body and the run-up controllable speed before take-off. The run-up speed is the instantaneous speed before take-off, and the the number to compared is the maximum controllable speed in the run-up, rather than the maximum horizontal velocity in the run-up. This concept applies to the long jump, and the same to the pole vault.2The main Influence factors impacted pole vault athletes absolute run-up speed utilization rate included the approach distance; the run-up starting and accelerated Modes; accuracy of the run-up; run-up rhythm; the abilities of grasping the body gravity from run-up to take-off; holding pole technology in the run-up; plug hole technology; take-off; psychological factors and special qualities in the upper and lower extremity strength and physical coordination.3The main factors restricted increasing of our country men’s pole vault run-up absolute speed utilization rate are about the six points as follows:First, domestic players relatively poor coordination of foreign players in the final steps of approaching and drop the pole, held pole action, especially the last two-step run-up convergence was bad;Second, from the point of the grasp of the run-up body center of gravity of the final stage of the domestic players and foreign players there is a gap:Yang Yansheng run-up since the penultimate step right foot to its body center of gravity changes appear larger differences, its run-up to last step left foot to body weight re-emergence of large fluctuations, the last step run-up to take-off leg kicking away from the the ground instantaneous body center of gravity height, take-off direction of the two domestic players are on the side rather than the front upper direction;Third, the domestic and foreign players greater difference in grip pole height and pole pole pound class weight difference between the domestic players is significantly less than the foreign players. The domestic two players on these two indicators is also working to improve, but at the same time increase the psychological pressure of the players, the run-up the last few steps to produce a psychological tension, and ultimately affect the run-up absolute speed utilization;Fourth, Yansheng Yang plug hole timing than two foreign players and Feiliang Liu plug hole as early opportunity, and Yang Yansheng is take off the way "ran into the pole, to force pressure Pole", cause before takeoff speed less One of the reasons for the slow;Fifth, while Yang Yansheng is "ran into the pole, the force pressure pole-style take-off hand, but the take-off point or distance point projection point remote from the take-off distance, the take-off of the two players close with them the run-up speed, the run-up utilization of absolute speed, grip pole highly correlated, Yang Yansheng limited takeoff way thus becomes more recently;Sixth, the absolute speed of our players or less, comparatively speaking, the larger the gap between the quality of the power of the upper and lower extremities, causing relatively large angle in the final run-up the backwards action and final acceleration takeoff confidence; coordinated the training of domestic players start night, less training total.更多还原