【作者】 李敬；

【导师】 刘渝琳；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 产业经济学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 中国城乡居民收入差距问题是近年来经济学领域研究的重要论题之一，自1986年开始，我国的城乡居民收入差距开始逐渐拉大，在之后的20多年里，我国从一个城乡收入差距较小的国家迅速成为收入分配极不平等的国家。根据统计资料，1992年我国的城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入分别为2026.6元和784元，到2010年二者分别为19109元和5919元，分别增长了9.43倍和7.55倍，城乡收入比值从1992年的2.58增加到了2010年的3.23，增幅为25.19%，年均增长率为1.26%。现有的研究大都聚焦在我国城乡收入的变化及影响因素上，比如从制度变革、要素流动、外商投资以及对外开放等方面研究了对收入差距的影响，而忽视了另一个重要的变量，即全要素生产率，其作为经济增长的最重要因素之一，对我国城乡居民的收入及其差距的变化必然也会产生一定程度的影响。本文的主旨就是在众多研究我国城乡收入差距问题的基础上，引入全要素生产率、外商投资等因素建立计量模型，进一步探讨我国的城乡收入差距问题。本文首先对我国1992年至2010年外商投资的基本情况做了比较详细的回顾，分别从全国总体水平以及分为东、中、西部区域①的角度介绍了利用FDI的基本情况。着重分析了全国及各区域引入FDI的绝对量和相对水平，以及FDI在我国的各行业、地区的分布状况。其次，本文从全要素生产率的概念出发，介绍了测算全要素生产率比较流行的方法，在此基础上根据本文需要选择了Malmquist指数法测算了我国1992年至2010年各省（市）的全要素生产率水平，并分区域和时间段进行了对比分析，较详细的说明了东、中、西部地区全要素生产率的变化过程。再次，对本文研究的出发点——我国城乡收入差距的现状进行了相应的分析，根据本文的实际需要选取了“城乡收入比”（城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入与农村居民家庭人均纯收入比值）来衡量我国的城乡收入差距，对我国现阶段城乡收入差距的状况进行了较详细的阐述。最后，本文在第六章节介绍了学界较为流行的关于收入差距的理论：“现代化/发展”理论假说和“世界体系/依附”理论假说。并就外商投资如何影响我国城乡收入差距的机理做了一定的梳理，认为FDI主要通过工资水平和就业量、产业结构、对外贸易等因素，引起我国城乡居民在收入来源、收入结构等方面的变化，而影响我国的城乡收入差距，并对全要素生产率与城乡收入差距的关系以及前者对后者的影响机制做了理论上的解释。在此基础上，建立了关于城乡收入差距的实证分析模型，从计量的角度考察了FDI、全要素生产率、经济增长和人力资本积累等因素与我国城乡收入差距的关系，并根据实证结果反映出的问题给出了相应的政策建议。综上，本文实证得出的主要结论有： FDI与我国城乡收入差距呈倒U型的关系，东、中部地区的省份大都进入了抛物线的右边部分，而西部地区则多数处于左半部分。全要素生产率在东部地区缩小了城乡收入差距，而在中、西部则是扩大城乡收入差距的一个重要原因。其他因素中，人均GDP较高和较低的省份往往城乡收入差距处于较高水平，而人均GDP处于中等的省份城乡收入差距相对要低一些。受教育水平的高低也是影响城乡收入差距的重要原因，政府支出的增加和第一产业的发展有利于缩小我国的城乡收入差距。更多还原

【Abstract】 The urban-rural income gap in China is one of the important topic of economicissues in recent years. Since1998, the China’s urban-rural income gap began to widen,after20years, we became a small urban-rural income gap country is rapidly into a veryunequal income distribution one. According to statistics, in1992, China’s urbanresidents’ per capita disposable income and rural per capita net income were2026.6yuan and784yuan, in2010; they increased to19,109yuan and5,919yuan respectively,an increase of9.43times and7.55times. The urban-rural income ratio increased from1992’s2.585to3.242in2010, an increase of25.42%, and the average annual growthrate was1.27%. Most of the recent researches were focused on several factors in thechanges and influence of China’s urban-rural income, such as the institutional reform,factors’ mobility, foreign investment and the opening policy, but most of them ignoredanother important variable, the total factor productivity. As one of the most importantfactors of economic growth, it likely has some certain of impact to the urban-ruralresidents’ income, as well as their income gap. The idea of this thesis is on the basis ofthe existed researches of China’s urban-rural income gap, to introduce the total factorproductivity, foreign investment and other factors to establish an econometric model, tofurther analyze the problem of China’s urban-rural income gap.Firstly, we made a review about the basic situation of the use of FDI in our countryfrom1992to2010, in the perspective of the overall national level, and divided intoeastern, central and western regions. We especially focus on the absolute and relativeamount of FDI in national level and regional level respectively, and the FDI’sdistributing situation in industries as well. Secondly, starting from the concept of TFP,we used the Malmquist index method to estimate the total factor productivity level ofthe provinces (municipalities) in1992-2010. And then, we analyzed the condition ofChina’s urban-rural income gap, we selected the urban-rural income ratio (Per capitadisposable income of urban residents divide Per capita net income of rural residents) tomeasure China’s urban-rural income gap, so that we can make a comprehensiveunderstanding of income inequality situation. Finally, we introduced two populartheories about the income gap:“the modernization/development” theory and “theworld system/dependency theory”, then we combed the mechanism of how FDI impactChina’s urban-rural income gap, we considered that FDI caused the changes of China’s urban and rural residents in the source of revenue,income structure through wage levelsand the amount of employment, industrial structure, foreign trade, and other factors,finally had an impact of China’s urban-rural income gap. We also did the analysis to thetheory and mechanism of TFP. On the basis, we established an empirical analysis modelon the urban-rural income gap to study how much influence of FDI, total factorproductivity, economic growth, human capital and some other factors to urban and ruralincome gap, and gave some policy recommendations that based on the empirical results.Above all, the main conclusions of this article are as follows. We found that theinverse U-shape curve does exist between FDI and Urban-rural income gap, and most ofprovinces in eastern and central region have transited to the right side of the inverse U-shape curve, but the most of western provinces still in the left side of the curve. TFP canreduce the Income Gap in eastern region, but increased the gap in central and westernregion. GDP Per capita and Income Gap have a U-shape relationship in eastern andcentral region, but the relationship cannot be confirmed in western region. Theeducation level has important affection to the Income Gap, but the increase ofgovernment expenditure and the output value of primary industry can decrease theUrban-rural Income Gap.更多还原