【作者】 张勇；

【导师】 陈小安；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着机械加工朝着高精度、高效率的方向不断发展，人们对于机械加工中的振动进行了大量的研究，以期减小或消除振动，提高加工精度及效率。再生型切削颤振是一种自激振动，颤振会导致工件表面质量下降，加剧刀具及机床的磨损，产生大量噪声，降低生产率。本文以再生型颤振的机理研究为主要出发点，同时探讨了颤振的抑制问题，开展了以下的研究工作。首先，阐述了颤振研究背景及现状，交代了课题的来源及研究意义，通过这些工作了解了速度型颤振、模态耦合型颤振、再生型颤振的基本概念及研究颤振的基本方法、手段，给出了本文研究的基本内容。其次，研究建立了再生型切削颤振的简化模型，通过对简化模型的理论分析及MATLAB/Simulink仿真，获得了颤振稳定极限切深的瓣图及颤振的刀尖振动时域仿真型号及其相轨迹图，并对这些研究结果进行了分析。随后通过锤击法模态测试获得了再生型外圆车削颤振仿真所需的模态参数并完成了数值仿真，同时设计了外圆车削加工实验，加工后的工件表面发现了横向的振纹，仿真结果与实验结果的平均误差为30.15%，实验结果表明，本文的颤振模型能够在一定程度上反映真实的再生型车削颤振情况。最后，对再生型车削颤振的抑制进行了初步的探讨。选择了振动主动控制方法用于颤振的抑制。介绍了超磁致伸缩材料，并将其与压电陶瓷材料进行比较。设计了超磁致伸缩执行器作为颤振主动控制的执行器，选择PID控制作为颤振主动控制的控制器算法，通过将超磁致伸缩执行器的动力学模型与再生型外圆车削颤振模型结合起来，在MATLAB/Simulink环境下完成颤振主动控制的数值仿真，仿真结果表明，设计的超磁致伸缩致动器及PID控制算法对颤振具有较好的控制效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 People did a multitude of research work about the vibrations during machining inorder to reduce or get rid of the vibrations as the demand of efficiency and accuracy forthe machining getting higher. Regenerative chatter is a kind of self-excited vibrationwhich will reduce the part finish, deteriorate the wear of the cutter and machine tool,generate lots of noise and cut down the productivity. This paper aimed at the mechanismresearch of the regenerative chatter and also did some initial work about chattersuppression.First of all, the research backgrounds and present situations of cutting chatterresearch were presented. The sponsor and research meaning of this project were alsoclarified. The fundamental concepts of Arnold-type chatter, mode coupling chatter andregenerative chatter were specified and the basic research method about chatter weregiven. The arrangement of research work of this paper was carried out.Secondly, the simplified regenerative chatter model was analyzed by analytical andsimulation method such that the chatter lobe diagram and phase diagram can beobtained. Then the model data of the machine tool were tested by the impact modeltesting such the comprehensive cylindrical regenerative turning chatter model can besimulated via the MATLAB/Simulink. The turning experiment was carried out and thechatter marks were found on the testing work piece. The experimental results werecompared with the simulation results and the average error was30.15%. Thisexperiment showed that the cylindrical regenerative turning chatter model built in thispaper can describe the actual chatter situation to some extent.What’s more, this paper did some chatter suppression work. The active vibrationcontrol method was chosen in order to suppress the regenerative chatter. The giantmagnetostrictive material was introduce and compared with the piezoelectric ceramics.A giant magnetostrictive actuator was designed as the actuator in the active vibrationcontrol and the PID controller was used as the control strategy. The dynamic model ofthe GMA was built and combined with the regenerative chatter model so that the activeregenerative chatter suppression model can be carried out and simulated via theMATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results showed that the active chatter suppressionprocess built in this paper had strong suppression effect on the chatter vibration.更多还原