【作者】 张锐；

【导师】 谭忆秋；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 道路结构长期处于自然环境的影响中，其内部的温度分布受环境的影响不断发生变化，我国53.5%的地区属于季节性冰冻地区，随季节变化的温度对道路结构的承载能力和使用性能有着显着的影响，深入了解和掌握季冻区道路结构温度场的分布特性具有重要的意义。然而，目前针对季节性冰冻地区尤其是东北地区道路结构温度场分布规律及温度场预估模型的研究还比较匮乏。与此同时，20世纪以来，由于全球气候异常，极端气候事件频繁发生，而关于极端气候对道路结构温度场影响的研究更是很少涉及。针对上述问题，本文依托哈尔滨工业大学道路结构试验台，以季节性冰冻地区典型道路结构温度场三年多的跟踪观测数据为基础，开展了季节性冰冻地区道路结构温度场分布规律及影响因素的研究，利用统计回归方法建立了观测点所在区域道路结构温度场的预估模型，分析了哈尔滨极端气候的分布规律，并探讨了部分极端气候要素对道路结构温度场的影响。主要研究内容及成果如下：（1）基于实测道路结构温度、湿度及气象资料数据，分析了道路结构在周期性变化的环境因素影响下温度、温度梯度、热流密度、热量等参数的时间域分布特性，得出了一年中道路结构日恒温点的分布情况及变化规律；研究了道路结构冰冻线的发展变化，探讨了道路结构在冰冻和融化过程中温度和湿度的相互影响关系；讨论了太阳辐射差异及积雪对路面温度场的影响，通过对天然土层与路面罩层下不同深度的温度及冰冻线的对比，分析了修筑道路结构对下层土体温度场的影响。（2）归纳了现有的温度场预估模型，并应用实测数据对典型预估模型进行了适用性分析，探究了预估模型的优点及不足。在此基础上，以气温、辐射作为参数建立了路表温度预估模型、路基及路面温度沿深度的预估模型，并对预估模型的预测效果进行了评价。结果显示：该预估模型具有较高的精度，能够准确模拟观测点所在区域道路结构温度场的一维分布。（3）根据调研的历史气象资料，改进了现有极端气候指数，提出了与路面温度场相关性更强的极端气候指数，并分析了其所属的GEV分布模型；借助GEV分布模型确定了各项极端气候指数的阈值，通过阈值，对1951-2011年的极端气温、极端降水、变温速率进行了统计分析，得出了其分布规律的变化。在此基础上，分析了极端低温、持续低温对道路结构温度及冰冻线的影响；探究了气温以较大的升降温速率发生改变时，道路结构内部温度、温度梯度、热量的变化；探讨了外界气温在零度线反复波动时道路结构内部温度场与湿度场的变化情况。本文在季节性冰冻地区温度场分布规律、冰冻特性、预估模型、极端气候变化规律及其对道路结构温度场影响方面进行了一系列研究，将促进季节性冰冻地区尤其是东北地区温度场研究的发展，为极端气候对道路结构温度场的研究提供理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pavement structure was exposed in the prolonged effects of the naturalenvironment, its internal temperature distribution changes with the effect ofenvironment.53.5%of China belongs to the area of seasonal frozen regions,where the carrying capacity and use performance of the pavement structurechanges with the seasonal change of temperature.in-depth understand and graspthe road structure temperature field distribution characteristics in seasonal frostregion has important significance. Currently, however, the study on pavementstructure temperature field distribution and prediction model in seasonal frozenregions especially for north-east research is still relatively scarce. At the sametime, since the20th century, owing to global climate anomalies, extreme weatherevents frequent occur, and the research of extreme climate impact on temperaturefield of road structure is rarely involved.To address the problem, based on the field data collected from test bedsystem in Harbin Institute of Technology, temperature distribution characteristicand influence factors of asphalt pavement in seasonally frozen regions werestudied in detail. And the pavement structure prediction model was researchedusing statistical regression methods. The extreme climate distribution law forHarbin and the extreme weather factors on temperature field of pavementstructure were carry out. The main research contents and results are as follows:(1) Based on the actual temperature, humidity data of pavement structureand weather data, temperature, temperature gradient, heat flux and heat of thepavement structure in the cyclical changes was studied, and daily constanttemperature points was studied, exploring the interaction between temperatureand humidity of the pavement structure in the process of freezing and thawing,discussing the impact on pavement surface temperature when difference of solarradiation and snow occur; Analysis the differences of temperature and frozenlines at different pavement depths between natural soil and under the road masklayer.(2) Summarizing the existing temperature field prediction model, analysisthe applicability of the typical prediction model using measured data, exploringthe advantages and disadvantages of the prediction model. On this basis,pavement surface temperature prediction model, the roadbed and pavementtemperature prediction model along the depth were established by the parametersof radiation and temperature, and the evaluation for predicting effects of the prediction models was carry out. The results showed that: the prediction modelwith high accuracy can be able to accurately simulate the pavement structuretemperature field distribution of one-dimensional in the observation region.(3) According to historical weather data, improving the existing extremeclimate indices, proposing more extreme climate indices related to the pavementtemperature field; determine the threshold of the extreme climate indices withthe GEV distribution models, the distribution law of extreme temperatures,extreme precipitation, temperature rate during1951-2011years was obtained bythe threshold. On this basis, the impact on the pavement structure temperatureand frozen line from extreme low temperature and continuing hypothermia wasstudied; the changes of pavement structure temperature, temperature gradient andheat were explored when the temperature changing with a larger cooling andheating rate; the variation of humidity field and temperature field under pvementstructure was discussed when the outside temperature repeated fluctuationsnearby zero line.Temperature field distribution, frozen features, prediction model, theextreme climate change on pavement structure were studied in this paper, whichwill promote the development of temperature field study in seasonal frost areas,particularly in the northeast, and provide theoretical support for the extremeweather on the road structure temperature field.更多还原