【作者】 王亮；

【导师】 沐涛；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 世界史， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 洛克菲勒基金会作为独立于政府和企业之外的民间组织,自成立以来,其本着“为全人类谋福利”的宗旨,为世界一些地区的发展做了不少工作。自20世纪50年代早期开始,洛克菲勒基金会通过拨款和派遣科研专家等形式,为黑非洲的农作物品种改良、畜禽疾病防治和农业技术人才培养付出了很大努力,也取得了一定成效,推动了黑非洲现代化的起步。但由于黑非洲地区经济基础极为薄弱、当地政府决策失误与重视不够,再加上基金会本身活动的局限性等因素的存在,洛克菲勒基金会的黑非洲农业项目可能不如它的墨西哥计划和印度计划那样效果明显。本文拟从洛克菲勒基金会作为在当今世界影响日益深远的国际非政府组织的视角入手,首先概述基金会的发迹史及其海外活动情况,再以1952-1972年期间基金会在肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、乌干达和尼日利亚等黑非洲主要国家开展的农业项目为对象,进行深入、细致的剖析,力求对其合作项目作出客观评价,同时试图阐述黑非洲农业的发展困境与基金会活动的有效性之间的关系以及美国对非政策与基金会农业合作项目的关系。笔者不揣浅陋,对该问题加以粗略梳理与探析,还望学界明达多多指教。论文正文分四章,第一章介绍了洛克菲勒家族的崛起、洛克菲勒基金会的创建,简要概述了洛克菲勒基金会在亚非拉等欠发达地区的活动经历,并分析了其海外农业项目的成就及不足。它为解决亚非拉地区的粮食短缺问题做出了一定贡献,但实际活动中仍受制于复杂而且经常是不可预知的社会、经济与政治因素。第二章详细梳理了洛克菲勒基金会在黑非洲的农业合作活动。基金会不仅直接资助黑非洲地区的农作物品种改良和畜禽疾病防治工作,而且还援助国际农业研究院建设、重视非洲当地农业人才培养及农业高等教育发展。第三章是对洛克菲勒基金会扶持肯尼亚农业与教育发展进行的个案研究。基金会既为斯里巴农业学院和埃格顿农业学院提供了大批资助,又派出数位专家与肯尼亚本土人员合作开展小麦研究。第四章是本文的结论部分,不仅客观总结了洛克菲勒基金会的黑非洲农业项目的优势与不足,并且指出了当今黑非洲农业发展的困境制约了基金会的活动进程。基金会的农业援助活动具有很大的开创性和风险性,既有利于新观念的普及,也推动了黑非洲本土农业技术人才的培养。但由于黑非洲地区经济基础极为薄弱、当地政府决策失误与重视不够,再加上基金会本身活动的局限性等因素的存在,所以其黑非洲农业活动效果并不是特别明显,而且其某些行为也具有自私倾向,屡遭诟病。余论部分简要分析了洛克菲勒基金会的黑非洲农业项目与战后美国对非政策之间的关系。可以说,洛克菲勒基金会的黑非洲农业援助项目在大方向上与美国对非政策是一致的,但又不乏矛盾和距离。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a civil organization, since its inception, the Rockefeller Foundation in line with the purpose "for the benefit of all humankind", has done a lot of work for the development of the world. Since the early1950s, the Rockefeller Foundation through the form of funding and the dispatch of scientific experts, do a lot of work in the improvement of Black African crop varieties, livestock diseases control and agricultural technical talent training, having made certain achievements and promoted the modernization of Black African countries. However, due to the extremely weak economic foundation of Black Africa, the decision-making errors and not enough attention of local government, limitations of activities of the Foundation itself, and other factors exist, the black African agricultural projects of the Rockefeller Foundation may not be effective as its Mexico plans and India plans.With the Rockefeller Foundation as one of the increasingly far-reaching international NGOs’perspective in today’s world,this paper will firstly give us an overview of the rise to glory and its overseas activities of the Foundation,and then probe to agricultural its projects in Kenya,Tanzania,Uganda and Nigeria and other Black African countries during1952-1972,in-depth and detailed analysis,at last strive to make an objective evaluation on cooperation projects and make a proper analysis of agricultural development in the plight of black Africa today. Therefore, I do not surmise shallow to be rough combing and analysing the problem, and hope the academia help me with a lot of advice.Body of the paper consists of four chapters. The first chapter describes the rise of the Rockefeller family, the creation of the Rockefeller Foundation, a brief overview of the experience of the Rockefeller Foundation’s activities in the underdeveloped areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America,and the focus of the achievements of its overseas agricultural projects and inadequate. It made certain contribution for solving the shortage of food in thoses underdeveloped regions, but the actual activity is still subject to complex and the usual unpredictable social, economic and political factors.The second one detailedly depicts the agricultural cooperation activities of Rockefeller foundation in sub-saharan Africa. It not only directly funded Black Africa region of crop variety of improvement and livestock and poultry disease prevention and control work, but also aided the construction of international agricultural research centres, pay attention to training African local agricultural talents and higher education development of agriculture.The third one is a case study conducted by the Rockefeller Foundation to support Kenya’s agricultural and educational development. It not only provided a lot of fund to Siriba Agricultural College and Egerton Agricultural College, but also sent a number of experts in collaboration with the Kenya natives in wheat research.The fourth one is a concluding part of this article, not only an objective summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the Foundation’s Black Africa agricultural projects, but also having discussed the plight of today’s Black Africa’s agricultural development restricting the Foundation’s activities process. The agricultural aid of Rockefeller Foundation, which has lots of innovativeness and risk, is not only conducive to the popularity of new ideas, but also contributed to the local agricultural technical personnel training in Black Africa. However, because of the extremely weak economic foundation, the local governments’ decision-making errors and insufficient attention, coupled with the presence of activity limitations of the Foundation itself, the effect of its Black Africa Agricultural Aid is not particularly obvious, and some of their behavior selfish tendencies have been repeatedly criticized.The remaining discussion is about the relationship between the Foundation’s Black Africa agricultural projects and U.S. post-war policy towards Africa. We can say that the Rockefeller foundation’s Black Africa agricultural aid are consistent with the policy of the United States towards Africa in the general direction, but there is no lack of contradictions and distance.更多还原