【作者】 刘荑瑟；

【导师】 刘浩；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法等方法,以2008年欧洲杯足球赛前16名球队31场比赛为研究对象,对各队不同战术进攻形式和手段运用情况进行分析研究,对目前欧洲足球运动发展水平较高的国家在足球比赛中不同技战术打法运用特点和指导思想上的现状和发展趋势进行探讨,为指导我们的训练和比赛提供参考。得出以下结论：1、通过对不同进攻形式球队代表性进攻手段运用次数的对比,得出：瑞士队、捷克队、土耳其队、德国队、波兰队、希腊队和瑞典队属于空中快攻形式为主球队；西班牙队、葡萄牙队、克罗地亚队和奥地利队属于阵地战进攻形式为主球队；意大利队、法国队和罗马尼亚队属于防守反击形式为主球队；俄罗斯队和荷兰队属于地面快攻形式为主球队。2、空中快攻形式为主球队从后场向前场推进多运用空中长传,向中场推进多于中长传地滚球；中场中路多运用长传球向前场边路大范围转移,中长传至最前面一名进攻队员,边路多运用个人快速运球突破,向同侧前场边路中长传空中球；前场边路多运用在45度角或大于45度角传中,后套下底传中,界外球直接手抛传中,中路多运用头球抢点射门和远距离大力射门。3、阵地战进攻形式为主球队从后场向中场推进多运用短、直、斜传和中距离地滚球；中场中路多运用小范围短直、斜传、二过一配合向前推进,中距离传地滚球向前场边路转移。在边路多运用小范围短直、斜传向前推进或横传向中路转移；前场边路多运用个人突破下底传中,二过一下底传中,中路多运用短、直斜传射门,二过一配合射门,短、中距离向对方防守要害空间传球射门。4、防守反击形式为主球队从后场防守成功重新获得控球权后向中场推进多运用中距离地滚球或个人运球突破,中场中路向前推进多运用个人突破,向前场边路中长传转移,向对方前场防守要害空间传球；中场边路多运用向同侧前场边路中长传,在防守成功后善于从边路发起快攻制造得分机会。前场边路多运用后套下底传中或个人斜向内突破传射。中路同空中快攻形式为主球队运用手段一样。5、地面快攻形式为主球队从后场向中场推进多运用中长距离传地滚球；中场中路多运用长传球向前场边路大范围转移和向对方前场防守要害空间传球。中场边路多运用个人运球突破。前场中路多运用对方防守要害空间传球射门、抢点射门和抢第二点射门,地面快攻形式为主球队在抢点射门上有别于空中快攻形式球队,多运用脚下抢点射门。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article through was related the research results using the literature material law to the predecessor to carry on the analysis summary, also solicited the suggestions and the suggestion through the expert interview normal this specialized expert, the standard definition, the selection target, finally using video recording method of inspection, mathematical method of average and logical analytic method, take 2008 European Cup soccer game first 16 Spain, Germany, Russia, Italy, Holland, France, Portugal, Greece and so on respective technique and tactics style fighting method bright team’s 31 competitions as object of study. Carries on the video recording observation, the statistical analysis, draws the following conclusion:1. Although the sidewalk and the middle of the mill unify, omni-directional, the three-dimensional attack is now the soccer attack tactic methods, overemphasizes some attack method not to conform to the modern soccer basic rule. But still might obtain the different technique and tactics fighting method team through the analytical study attack technique and tactics fighting method utilization characteristic which and attack method utilization primary and secondary displays in the competition, is helpful stands in us in the top level understands its trend of development.2. In 2008 the European Cup as advances the multi-utilization airborne long pass primarily take the airborne running game team attack method using the characteristic from the wings to the preceding performance, is more than to the middle place advancement by the long pass bowling ball; The middle place middle of the mill utilizes long passes a ball to the preceding performance sidewalk wide range shift, the long pass to a forefront attack member, the sidewalk multi-utilization dribbles fast personally the breakthrough, to with side preceding performance sidewalk in long pass airborne ball; The preceding performance sidewalk multi-utilization in 45 degrees angles or are bigger than 45 degrees angles to pass on, the latter set of under bottom passes on, the foul ball takes over straight throws passes on, specially this method’s utilization number of times is opposite in the first several session of European Cup competition increases obviously, through the onlooking competition video recording discovered that this attack method utilization effect and the corner kick are the same, is one kind of sidewalk placement shot attacks the recent development tendency. The middle of the mill multi-utilization shift the opportunity which before the sidewalk the manufacture gate makes up time shoots, or the long-distance range shoots vigorously.3. In 2008 the European Cup as utilizes short, straight, the slanting biography primarily take the positional warfare fighting method team attack method using the characteristic from the wings to the middle place advancement with the middle distance bowling ball; The middle place middle of the mill utilizes the small scope short straight, the slanting biography, a two coordination to prompt forward, the middle distance puts on the bowling ball to shift to the preceding performance sidewalk. Utilizes the small scope in the sidewalk short straight, the slanting biography to prompt forward or the horizontal biography to the middle of the mill shift, continues to fortify at every step prompts forward; The preceding performance sidewalk multi-utilization, under individual breakthrough the bottom passes on, a two bottom has been passed on, the middle of the mill utilizes short, the straight slanting biography to shoot, as soon as two have coordinated to shoot, short, medium-range divergence opposite party defends the critical space to pass a ball shoots.4. In 2008 the European Cup take defense counter-attack fighting method team attack method as defends primarily using the characteristic from the wings successful obtains the ball control power backward middle place to advance many or dribbles personally using the middle distance bowling ball the breakthrough, the middle place middle of the mill prompts forward utilizes individual breakthrough much, to the preceding performance sidewalk in the long pass shift, passes a ball to the opposite party preceding performance defense critical space; To the long pass bowling ball number of times is more than other technique and tactics fighting method team obviously primarily through the observation competition video recording discovery defense counter-attack fighting method team middle place sidewalk with the side preceding performance sidewalk, thus it can be seen the defensive counter-attack fighting method team, after defending successfully is good at from the sidewalk initiating primarily quick attacks the manufacture score opportunity. After the preceding performance sidewalk meets the middle place sidewalk passes a ball the utilization, a set of under bottom to pass on or diagonal in breaks through the biography to shoot personally. The middle of the mill utilizes the method with the airborne running game team to be the same primarily.5. In 2008 the European Cup as advances in the multi-utilization take the ground fighting method team attack method using the characteristic from the wings to the middle place the long distance to pass on the bowling ball primarily; The middle place middle of the mill utilizes long passes a ball passes a ball to the preceding performance sidewalk wide range shift and to the opposite party preceding performance defense critical space, prominent very quick ground attack rhythm. The middle place sidewalk multi-utilization dribble personally the breakthrough. The preceding performance middle of the mill many defends the critical space using opposite party to pass a ball shoots, to make up time shoots and snatches the second burst gate, the ground running game primarily team, in makes up time shoots on to be different with the airborne running game team, then many makes up time using the under foot shoots.更多还原