【作者】 王金英；

【导师】 潘东明； 黄敏玲；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农业推广（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以欧洲引进的20个水仙品种为试验材料，调查欧洲水仙在福州地区的生长繁殖情况和环境适应性，并进行了形态学、解剖学方面的研究，并将研究结果应用于水仙属植物的分类比较。研究结果包括以下几方面：1、通过露地栽培和实地观察，并根据福州地区的环境和水仙属植物的生物学特性，对20份欧洲水仙材料进行物候期观察，及其生长繁殖情况的研究，即对母球的周径增量、种球的产量增长百分率以及繁殖系数的调查研究。结果显示，各品种的生长情况基本良好。其中D-1、D-2、D-3、D-4、D-5、D-6、D-9、D-15、D-17的各项指标都相对较高，表现出较好的适应性；D-10、D-11、D-20等品种表现出的负面现象相对较为严重；其余品种也均能适应本地气候环境，进行正常生长繁殖，但是多数品种的母球每年只能繁殖一个子球，繁殖系数并不高，并且个别品种，如D-11、D-14、D-18、D-20等还出现不同程度的种球腐烂现象，这是造成种球质量和数量低，甚至出现负增长的主要原因。2、通过田间观测，分析和研究了20份欧洲水仙材料的形态和特征。结果表明，花序类水仙材料和花单生类水仙材料之间的亲缘关系比较远，而花序类水仙材料之间、花单生类水仙材料之间的亲缘关系则相对较近；水仙属植物叶的性状、花的性状、花瓣和副冠的性状以及雄蕊的性状均因品种材料不同而异。根据形态学的分析结果，这20份欧洲水仙材料可分为12类。第一类：D-1；第二类：D-13、D-17；第三类：D-20；第四类：D-15；第五类：D-9、D-11；第六类：D-2、D-8；第七类：D-3、D-6；第八类：D-7；第九类：D-14、D-16；第十类：D-4、D-12；第十一类：D-5、D-19；第十二类：D-10、D-18。3、通过石蜡制片法，进行观察和研究试验中20份欧洲水仙材料叶和花梗的解剖结构。分析结果表明，叶片和花梗横切面的形状、解剖组织中叶片气腔和花梗髓腔的有无、以及维管束的排列方式和数目在不同品种材料间存在较大差异。维管束在水仙的叶肉组织中一般呈三排排列，个别品种材料具有气腔。而花梗的基本组织中维管束一般呈2~3环分布，个别品种材料具髓腔。依据解剖学的分析结果，20份材料分为9类：第一类：D-1、D-13、D-17、D-20；第二类：D-15；第三类：D-9、D-11；第四类：D-2、D-3、D-6、D-8；第五类：D-7；第六类：D-14、D-16；第七类：D-4、D-12；第八类：D-5、D-19；第九类：D-10、D-18。更多还原

【Abstract】 Twenty Narcissus pseudonarcissus cultivars were used as experimental materialin this study. Investigated to grow Environmental adaptability of Narcissuspseudonarcissus in the Fuzhou area as well as morphology and anatomy wereinvestigated. The results were applied to the classification of Narcissus. The mainresults were followed:Through open field cultivation and observation and measurement, and accordingto the environment of Fuzhou area and the biological characteristics of the plants ofNarcissus L, observated phenophase, growth of20varieties of Narcissuspseudonarcissus, such as increase of perimeter of mother bulbs, rate of yield increaseand reproduction coefficient. The results showed that almost all varieties growed ingood condition. Among them, the D-1, D-2, D-3, D-4, D-5, D-6, D-9, D-15, D-17ofthe indicators were relatived high, were showed better adaptability; D-11, D-10, D-20were showed relatively serious negative phenomenon; other varieties also adapted tothe local climate environment, to carry on the normal growth and reproduction, butmost of them could only breed a cormel in every year, propagation coefficient waslower, and some individual varieties, such as D-11, D-14, D-18and D-20alsoappeared different degree of corm decay phenomenon, the corm was low quality andquantity, mabey it is the main reasons of negative growth.Through field observation and measurement, the morphological characteristics ofthis20narcissus materials was investigated. The results were as follows. The geneticrelationship between solitary daffodils and inflorescence daffodils was far away, butthe genetic relationship were small within the same group. Between different materials,the character of leaves, flowers, petals as well as coronas were different. Based onmorphology analysis,20narcissus materials were divided into11categories. The1th:D-1; The2th: D-13, D-17; The3th: D-20; The4th: D-15; The5th: D-9, D-11; The6th:D-2, D-8; The7th: D-3, D-6; The8th: D-7; The9th: D-14, D-16; The10th: D-4, D-12;The11th: D-5, D-19; The12th: D-10, D-18.The anatomical structure of leaves and pedicel of20narcissus materials wasobserved by paraffin method. The results showed that the shape of transverse section,air antrum and pulp cavity exist or not, and the arrangement mode and number of vascular bundles were large differences among different materials. There were usually3rows of vascular bundles in the leaves, and some narcissus had air antrum. Thetissue of pedicel generally had2-3layers of vascular bundles, and some of them hadpulp cavity. On the basis of the analytic results of anatomy,20narcissus materialswere grouped into9types. The1th: D-1, D-13, D-17, D-20. The2th: D-15. The3th:D-9, D-11. The4th: D-2, D-3, D-6, D-8. The5th: D-7. The6th: D-14, D-16. The7th:D-4, D-12. The8th: D-5, D-19. The9th: D-10, D-18.更多还原