【作者】 江丽；

【导师】 江征风；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 机械工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国际上对低碳、甚至无碳能源的倡导,世界各国开始积极响应,纷纷涌入光伏发电领域。面对如此迅猛的发展势头,视为核心基片的硅片生产效率已经远远满足不了全球市场的需求,在中国这种紧缺势态尤为严峻。国内市场由于基片切割设备关键技术的匮乏出现严重的设备紧缺、无法自给；同时高成本一直是钳制我国光伏发电规模化应用的又一致命禁锢,其中硅片及其切割成本占光伏发电总成本的55%左右。因此为推动我国光伏产业的大规模发展,应积极研发自主核心切割设备,实现设备自给自足；同时力争完成硅片的高切割工艺要求,削减与硅片及其制造相关的成本项,降低光伏发电总成本。本文针对这一目标,深入研究多线切割机的技术难点,尤其攻克决定切片质量的控制系统关键问题——走线系统的多轴速度协调同步控制,以精确恒定线锯张力,减小其在加工过程中的波动,从而满足高切割工艺要求,实现高精度、高效率、高质量、低成本的切片生产。1)针对本课题设计的多线切割机,就其控制系统中精确恒定线锯张力的关键问题,以从根源上杜绝张力波动为出发点,研究直接引起走线系统张力波动的多轴速度协调同步体系,并分析其同步实施重难点,给出技术路线；2)针对收／放线辊与加工辊线速度同步跟随的非线性、时变系统,分析传统PID控制的局限性,提出一种存在对象扰动时的离线模型参考自适应逆控制方法,并采取变步长LMS滤波算法、优化设备走线速度曲线,进行仿真实验。结果表明：该控制方案能有效提高时变系统的鲁棒性、自适应性,表现出了较优的同步控制精度及系统动态特性；3)针对排线装置均匀整齐布线等工艺要求,剖析常规排线方式及接近开关限位的弊端,设计伺服电机排线机构：将同侧线辊与排线轴的速度设置成主从关系,并搭建以PID控制为核心的排线导轮直线进给速度的自动补偿系统；通过电机自带的编码器实现软限位。最后就该控制思想在西门子SIMOTION运动控制系统中的硬件及软件实现做详细介绍；4)针对已搭建的切割设备,给出多轴速度协调同步、线锯张力恒定的检验标准,并进行样机试验。结果表明：该方案对多轴系统的速度同步控制精度高、动态响应速度快、工业可行性强,在相关领域有较大的实际应用及参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the international advocacy for low-carbon and carbon-free energy, countries around the world begin to response actively, pouring into the photovoltaic field. In the face of such a rapid development trend, as the core substrate, the production efficiency of silicon wafer has far from meeting the demand of global market, and the shortage situation is particularly serious in China. The lack of key technology of substrate cutting device results in the serious equipment shortage in domestic market; and the high cost of PV has always restricted its large-scale application too, in which silicon and its cutting cost account for about55%. So in order to promote the large-scale development of domestic PV, we should actively develop own cutting equipment to achieve its self-sufficiency; also we would strive to conform to the high cutting process requirements, to control the cost items related to silicon and its manufacturing, reducing the total cost of PV.This paper mainly studies the technical difficulties of multi-wire saw to achieve this goal, especially overcomes the control system key problems——speed synchronization control of multi-axis, which determine the quality of silicon wafer, to control the constant tension accurately and reduce its fluctuation, so as to meet the high cutting process requirements and realize the production of high precision, high efficiency, high quality and low cost.1) In view of the designed multi-wire saw, this paper starts from eliminating tension fluctuation from source to control the constant tension accurately. It studies the speed synchronization control system of multi-axis, which causes the tension fluctuation directly, and analyzes its synchronous implementation difficulties, gives the control scheme and technical route;2) For the nonlinear and time-varying system of linear velocity synchronous of collecting and supplying roller and processing roller, this paper analyzes the limitation of traditional PID control, puts forward a kind of offline model reference adaptive inverse control in which exist object disturbance, and uses the variable step size LMS algorithm, optimizations walking speed curve to do the simulation experiments. The results show that the control scheme can effectively improve the robustness and adaptability of time-varying system, showing a better synchronous precision and system dynamic characteristic;3) For the arranging wire device’s process requirements such as wiring displacement uniformity, this paper analyzes the disadvantages of traditional arranging wire method and proximity switch limit to design a servo motor arranging institutions:it sets a master-slave relationship between collecting and supplying roller and arranging wire roller, and builds a arranging roller linear feed speed automatic compensation system which uses PID control as core; it makes use of the encoder in motor to achieve soft displacement limit. Finally this paper introduces the control thought’s hardware and software implementation in Siemens SIMOTION motion control system in detail;4) For the built cutting equipment, this paper gives out the testing standard of multi-axis speed synchronization and wire tension constant, and carrys out the prototype experiment. Results show that the synchronization scheme has high control precision for the multi-axis system’s speed synchronous control, fast dynamic response and strong industrial feasibility, and has great practical application and reference value in the related areas.更多还原