【作者】 李威；

【导师】 陈晓国； 方涛；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 人工浮床作为一种有效的水体原位修复技术,能够适应不同地理、水利条件下地表水环境的修复,可将水生态修复、水生态功能改善和景观效应三者有机结合,加之其运行成本低、维护方便,在地表水体的原位修复中具有极大优势。但目前针对人工浮的研究主要集中在其对富营养化水体净化效果的小试研究,缺乏工程实际运用的效果示范,对人工浮床的净化机理也缺乏较详尽的研究。本文通过人工浮床的工程实际应用效果与实验室内的模拟运行效果,系统分析了人工浮床在汾江河上运行对富营养化水体的实际净化效果,并通过组合浮床的室内模拟运行探索了其对氮、磷的去除机理。而且将吸附材料(氧化石墨和氧化铈)包覆到生物陶粒上,分析其对水体中污染物质的吸附效果,尝试探索更为高效的浮床基质材料。通过研究得出以下结论：(1)人工浮床在汾江河上经过三个月的实际运行,布置人工浮床一侧的水体中TN、TP、COD、NH4+-N含量均显著低于未布置浮床一侧的水质,总面积约4900m2的浮床植物经过3个月的生长,从水体中共吸收了192.5kg的氮和76.1kg的磷。结果表明人工浮床对地表水体水质有较好的改善效果。(2)在美人蕉(Canna glauca)底部悬挂生物陶粒基质构建组合生态浮床,与仅有生物陶粒的基质组和空白组的净化效果相比,组合浮床对总氮、总磷和氨氮的去除率(依次为64.03%、95.82%和96.43%)均高于其它两组。且组合浮床的微生物总量、生物膜的脱氢酶活性和耗氧速率均高于基质对照组。植物吸收作用对水体中TN和TP的去除贡献率分别为36.03%和37.96%说明植物吸收作用不是组合浮床去除氮磷的主要机制,但植物对微生物的数量和活性有积极作用；组合浮床中水体污染物的去除是在植物、基质及微生物的协同作用下完成的。(3)包覆了氧化石墨和氧化铈的陶粒(强化吸附陶粒)能在不同pH条件和初始浓度下对水体中的总磷有较好的吸附效果。且能对水体中的铜离子、苯酚及甲基红有较好的吸附去除效率,对含甲基红的废水色度去除率为86.74%,对铜离子和苯酚的饱和吸附量分别达到17.75mg/g和77.18mg/g。强化吸附陶粒可以作为组合浮床中的改进基质,强化人工浮床对水体中污染元素的吸附性能,从而丰富了人工浮床的净化原理,达到改进和提升人工浮床净化效果的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an efficient in-situ remediation technology, artificial floating bed combine water ecosystem restoration with improving water ecosystem functions and landscape effect. It can be used for the restoration of water bodies under various geographic and hydrologic conditions. Moreover, the characteristics of low running cost and readily maintenance offer it a huge advantage in surface water in-situ remediation. However, previous studies on this technology are mainly concentrated on the purification efficiency of eutrophic water, few attention has been paid to the purification mechanism of this technology. This thesis provided a systematic analysis of the purification effeciency of artificial floating bed through the engineering practice and laboratory simulations, and the mechanisms were also been discussed. At last, a new method to improve the matrix of combined ecological floating bed(CEFB) was proposed by cladding the absorbing material (Graphite oxide and Cerium oxide) to the biological ceramisite, and was used to improve artificial floating bed. The results were drawn as followed:(1) After3months operation of the artificial floating bed in Fengjiang River, the concentrations of TN, TP, COD and NH4+-N in the water samples with floating-bed are much lower than those in the other side without floating-bed. An area of4900m2of the plants absorbed N of192.5kg and P of76.1kg from the Fenjiang River. The floating-bed does have the purification effect in therms of N and P.(2) A combined ecological floating bed(CEFB) was constructed by hanging the bio-ceramic matrix under the roots of canna. By comparing the purifying efficiency of the eutrophic wastewater by the CEFB with the matrix control group and the blank group, the removal efficiency of the CEFB on TN, TP and ammonia nitrogen were64.03%,95.82%and96.43%, respectively, which is much higher than the control group and the blank group.The microorganism quantity, the TTC dehydrogenase activity and the oxygen uptake rate in the CBFB system were relatively higher than the matrix control group. The absorption effect of plants to TN and TP account for less than half of the overall effect, which suggested that the plant absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus was not the main function of pollutant removal in the CBFB system. However, the plants have a positive effect on the microorganism, however, there is a synergism among plants, bio-ceramic matrix and microorganism in CBFB system.(3) By cladding the absorbing material (Graphite oxide and Cerium oxide) to biological ceramisite, a new form of adsorbing material (Enhanced absorbing ceramisite)was constructed. The adsorption capacity of enhanced adsorbing ceramisite to copper ion, phenol and methyl red in water bodies are improved to a relative higher level compared with biological ceremiste. The removal rate to methyl red in water reached to86.74%. The saturated adsorption amount of copper ionand phenol are17.75mg/g and77.18mg/g, respectively. The enhanced adsorbing ceramisite also has a fast and efficient adsorption to phosphorus of different pH condition and different initial P concentration. The enhanced adsorbing ceramisite is an improved matrix for combined ecological floating bed, which can improve the purification efficiency of artificial floating bed.更多还原