【作者】 李文；

【导师】 王忠俊；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 轮机工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着船舶运输的全球化发展趋势,船舶柴油机废气排放量日益增加,以石油燃料为主的船舶主机造成的环境污染已经受到全世界的高度关注。为了改善船舶硫化物对海洋环境的影响,国际海事组织批准了MARPOL73/78的新增附则,即附则Ⅵ《防止船舶造成空气污染规则》,附则要求从2012年1月1日起,船舶所用燃油含硫量从原来的4.5%降低至3.5%,且在SECA控制区内,从2010年7月1日起船舶燃油含硫量不能超过1.0%m/m,2015年1月1日以后不能超过0.1%m/m。遵循该条例要求船舶使用两种不同硫组分的燃油,船舶在进入SECA区域前进行燃油切换,虽然能满足排放法规要求,但低硫油的成本高,且高低硫份燃油切换的过程中还会产生较多的附加问题。因此从烟气中脱硫,即脱硫后处理成为满足船舶柴油机硫化物排放法规的另外一种有效方法。而且烟气脱硫技术在陆上开展研究较早,技术相对成熟,对船舶脱硫而言没有根本性障碍。目前烟气脱硫方法分类较多,按吸收过程有无液相介入大致分为以下几类：湿法、半干法、干法、电子束法、海水法等。按吸收剂分类则分为：(1)以石灰石、生石灰为基础的钙法(2)以氧化镁为基础的镁法(3)以合成氨为基础的氨法(4)以亚硫酸钠、氢氧化钠为基础的钠法等。以天然海水为吸收剂的海水烟气脱硫方法脱除烟气中的SOx,在远洋船舶应用上占有先天性的地理优势,具有脱硫效率高,反应产物为海水中天然组分,不污染海洋环境,运行费用低等诸多优点。因此认为海水烟气脱硫优势明显,适合应用于船舶上进行SOx排放控制。本文主要研究内容：(1)阅读烟气脱硫文献,比较石灰石-石膏法、镁法、氨法、循环流化床干法、低温等离子体法、海水法等烟气脱硫的脱硫原理及其优缺点,结合船舶自身条件限制,分析了海水法脱硫在处理船用SOx排放方面的优势及在船舶上的应用现状。(2)阐述海水脱硫法的净化机理,影响海水脱硫效率的各种因素,并对海水法在船舶上的安装应用可行性进行分析。并根据《船舶废气清洗系统试验及检验指南》对船舶硫化物排放的测量原理和测量评价进行了详细叙述。且在实船上设计安装海水EGC脱硫系统开展试验,研究海水烟气脱硫系统的测试效果,对测试结果进行评价。(3)对另一种效率较高的淡水添加氢氧化钠闭环脱硫系统进行船舶应用探索,从脱硫机理、船舶应用选型、经济性等方面阐述了该法的可应用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the global trends of the shipping, marine diesel engine emissions is increasing. The Environmental pollution caused by the ship engine using petroleum fuels as main fuel has been aroused attention of the whole world, in order to improve the effect of ship sulfide on marine environment, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has approved a new annex MARPOL73/78and Annex VI," Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships ".Annex requires that the fuel sulfur content for ship is reduced from4.5%to3.5%from January1,2012, and in the SECA control areas, the ship fuel sulfur content can not exceed1%m/m since July1,2010,and should not exceed0.1%m/m after January1,2015.This regulation requires ships to use two different grades of fuel. Though the ships’emission can meet the regulation by fuel switching before coming into the SECA area, the cost of low-sulfur oil is very high and it will produce many additional questions during the switching. So the flue gas desulfurization becomes another effective way to meet the sulfide emission regulation of marine diesel engine. The research of flue gas desulfurization was carried out earlier on land and it’s technology is relatively mature, so there will be no fundamental obstacle to the desulfurization of marine engines.Nowadays there are a lot of classification methods of flue gas desulfurization. By whether liquid phase intervenes during the suction process, it is fall broadly into the flowing categories:1, Calcium-method which raw materials are limestone and quicklime.2, Magnesium-method which raw material is magnesium oxide.3, ammonia-method which raw material is synthetic ammonia.4, Chloride-method which raw materials are sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide.The flue gas desulfurization using seawater in natural to absorb SOx from exhaust gas has the congenital geographical advantages in the application of ocean-going vessels. It has a lot of benefits, such as high efficiency of desulfurization, the reaction products are the natural component of the seawater which will not pollute the marine environment, low operating cost and so on. So the flue gas desulfurization using seawater has obvious advantages, and it is suitable for ships to control their emission of SOx. The major research content of this paper is:(1) Reading the literature about flue gas desulfurization, comparing the principles, advantages and disadvantages of different methods, they are the limestone-gypsum, magnesium, ammonia, circulating fluidized bed dry, low temperature plasma method and seawater and so on. Combined with the ship’s own conditions, the advantages in dealing with marine SOx emissions and application status of the sea water process on the ship is analyzed.(2) Expounding the purification mechanism of the sea water process, the various factors which can impact the desulfurization efficiency and do a feasibility analysis about application of the sea water process on ship. According to the test system of exhaust gas cleaning system and inspection guide, the measurement principle and evaluation about sulfide emissions from ships were described in detail. Based on the scantling design installation of EGC seawater desulfurization system, to carry out the test and study the test results of seawater flue gas desulfurization system, and to evaluate the result of the test.(3) Doing a desk study on another kind of desulfurization method with high efficiency called water adding sodium hydroxide flue gas desulfurization. The desulfurization mechanism, the installation considerations on ships and economy are expounded to testify the applicability of the method.更多还原