【作者】 张莹；

【导师】 汪诗明；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 国际关系， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 19世纪至二战爆发前,英国通过殖民占领逐步成为东南亚地区主要的殖民统治者之一,并在此基础上建立起以新加坡海军基地为重点的东南亚防务体系。其占领地土要包括缅甸和马来亚地区。二战后,英国迫于自身实力衰落的现实,东南亚民族解放运动不断高涨的压力,以及对抗共产主义势力的需要,开始着手调整在该地区的防务政策。战后初期,英国的政策调整主要从两方面展开。一方面,加紧构建东南亚集体防务体系,加强殖民地间的联系与协作；另一方面,不断寻求美国的支持与帮助。在政策调整的过程中,缅甸通过民族解放斗争获得了独立,并激发了马来亚地区的民族独立浪潮。为延缓马来亚的独立脚步,英国相继出台了马来亚联邦计划和马来亚联合邦计划,并与马来亚签订《英马防御协定》,以期延续在马来亚地区的殖民统治。20世纪70年代,随着第二次中东战争的爆发,英国最终决定从“苏伊士运河以东”地区撤退,这一计划的实施标志着英国开始主动撤离东南亚,将其防务重点转向欧洲。英国撤离后,新加坡和马来西亚为延续与英国间的防务关系,与英国、澳大利亚和新西兰共同签订《五国联防协定》,建立起一个非正式军事联盟——五国联防组织。五国联防组织的成立标志着二战后英国在东南亚的防务调整落下帷幕,英国实现了从该地区的防务撤退。英国对东南亚地区的防务控制在二战后呈现出明显的减弱趋势,这一趋势是服从于英国的非殖民化政策的,防务政策的调整实质上是非殖民化政策在军事上的反应,其本质还是英国迫于实力衰落而实行的殖民撤退。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the19th century to the World War Ⅱ, the Britain has gradually become one of the major colonial rulers of the Southeast Asian region, and has established the Southeast Asia defense system which was on the basis of the Singapore naval base. After World War Ⅱ, because of the fading of strength, the pressure of the national liberation movement in Southeast Asia, as well as the need to fight against communist forces, the Britain began to adjust defense policy in Southeast Asia.The Britain adjusted the defense policy in two major areas in the early post-war period. On the one hand, the Britain stepped up to build a collective defense system in Southeast Asia and strengthened collaboration among the colonies; On the other hand, it continued to seek the support of the United States. In the process of Britain’s policy adjustment, Myanmar achieved the independence through the national liberation struggle which stimulated the Malaya’s national independence wave. To delay the Malayan Independence process, the Britain unveiled the Malayan Union Plan and the Federation of Malaya plan and signed the Anglo-Malayan Defense Agreement with Malaya. The British government made the final decision to withdraw from "east of Suez" after the second war in the Middle East in the1970s which implicated it began to withdrawal from Southeast Asia region. To continuate the defense relations with the Britain, Singapore and Malaysia signed the the FPDA agreement which established an informal military alliance-FPDA organization with Australia, New Zealand and the Britain after the withdrawal of the Britain. The establishment of FPDA organization signified the complement of the Britain’s defense policy adjustment in Southeast Asia after the World War Ⅱ, the Britain achieved the defense retreat from the Southeast Asia.British control of the Southeast Asia after World War II in defense showed a significant weakening trend which was subordinated to the British decolonization policy. The adjustment of defense policy was essentially the reaction in the military domain of the colonization policy.更多还原