【作者】 张岭；

【导师】 贾艳敏；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 历史学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 农业合作化运动对我国社会丰义制度的建立具有决定意义。但是,在1955年夏季以后,农业合作化运动发展过快,不少地方的高级社在几天之内就建立起来了,由于办社时间短,工作十分粗糙,因而产生了不少问题,使农民的利益受到了损害,这导致了农民对合作化运动产生了不满情绪,因而在1956年农业合作化运动高潮刚刚过去之后,部分地区出现了农民闹社退社风潮。其中,河南商丘地区是农民闹社退社的典型地区之一。本文主要论述农业合作化时期,河南商丘地区农民闹社退社的情况。文章分三章来阐述河南商丘地区农民闹社退社的背景、原因、过程、形式和解决,并从中总结其经验教训。第一章介绍了河南商丘地区农民闹退社的背景。该章分为二节：第一节主要介绍了全国农业合作化发展概况,主要介绍了从1951年9月到1956年底,全国各地农业合作化运动发展的情况。第二节主要介绍了河南商丘地区的农业合作化运动情况,商丘地区的农业合作化运动,在1955年9月以前发展的速度还比较缓慢,从1955年9月贯彻执行毛主席“关于农业合作化问题”的指示后,获得猛烈迅速的发展,经过几个高潮,到1956年春,全区已有高级农业生产合作社4495个,社员1618737户,占总农户数的97.08%；初级农业生产合作社603个,社员24129户,占总农户数的1.45%。第二章介绍了河南商丘地区农民闹退社的原因及过程。农业合作化运动超越了当时生产力发展水平,平均主义严重损害了农民的生产积极性和利益,因此遭到农民的反抗,在河南商丘地区逐渐形成局部群众的闹社局面。该章分为二节：第一节主要分析河南商丘地区农民闹退社的原因,文中对商丘地区农民闹退社的原因进行了详细分析。第二节生要介绍商丘地区农民闹社的过程,该节主要介绍了农业合作化时期商丘地区农民闹退社的过程。第三节主要介绍了商丘地区农民闹退社的主要形式和主要人员构成,该节分别对商丘地区农民闹退社的主要形式和农民闹退社的主要人员构成进行了分析。第三章介绍了河南商丘地区农民闹社事件的解决。该章分为二节：第一节主要讲述了中央解决农民闹社的政策,介绍了在全国各地出现了农民闹退社风潮后,中央为了解决各地的农民闹退社事件,制定了相关的政策,来更好的巩固农业社。第二节主要介绍了河南商丘地区农民闹社问题的解决,商丘地区发生闹退社事件后,为了解决农民闹退社问题,更好的巩固农业社,中共商丘地委在中央和省委的领导下,积极部署执行中央政策,并结合本地区的实际情况,先后采取了一系列的政策和措施来解决农民闹退社,使农业社得到了更好的巩固。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural co-operative movement is of significance to the establishment of China’s socialist system. However, the agricultural co-operative movement developed so fast that the senior community in many places set up within a few days after the summer of1955. The time is short and the social work is rough, so the interests of farmers were damaged, which led to farmers in co-operative movement were very discontent. As a result, the wave of retirement from community among the farmers appeared after the agricultural co-operative movement climax just passed in some areas in1956, including Shangqiu area in Henan Province, which is one of the typical areas of it.This paper mainly discussed the wave of retirement from community among the farmers in Shangqiu Area of Henan Province during Agricultural Cooperative period. The article is divided into three chapters to illustrate the background, reasons, process, form and solution of it, and learn a lesson from it.The first chapter introduces the background of the retirement from community among farmers in Shangqiu Area of Henan Province. The chapter is divided into two sections:The first section introduces the overview of the development of the national agricultural co-operation around the country from September1951to the end of1956. The second section introduces development of Shangqiu agricultural co-operative movement, which developed relatively slowly in September1955. But after carrying out Mao Zedong "on agricultural cooperation the issue of "instructions from September1955, it developed violently and rapidly. After a few climaxes, to the spring of1956, the region had4495senior agricultural production cooperatives,1,618,737members, accounting for97.08%in all the households;603primary agricultural production cooperatives,24,129members, accounting forl.45%in all the households.The second chapter describes the causes and processes of the retirement from community among farmers in Shangqiu Area of Henan Province. The development Agricultural co-operative movement is beyond the level of productive forces then, which seriously damaged the farmers’ production enthusiasm and interests, so that it subjected to the revolt of the peasants in Shangqiu Area in Henan. At last, forming the retirement from community among local people gradually. This chapter is divided into three sections: the first section analyze the reasons of the retirement from community among farmers in Shangqiu Area of Henan Province in detail. The second one introduces the process of the retirement from community among farmers in Shangqiu Area of Henan Province during the Agricultural Cooperative period. The third one mainly analyzes the form and key personnel of the retirement from community among farmers in Shangqiu Area of Henan Province.The third chapter introduces the solution to the retirement from community among farmers in Shangqiu Area of Henan Province. The chapter is divided into two sections: the first section focuses on the policies of solving the retirement from community among farmers. After introducing the wave of retirement from community among the farmers around the country, the central government made related policies in order to solve this event of retirement from community and consolidate the agricultural community better. Section Ⅱ mainly introduces the solution to the retirement from community among farmers in Shangqiu Area of Henan Province. After the retirement from community event occurred in Shangqiu region, in order to solve the problem of the retirement from community among farmers in Shangqiu Area of Henan Province and consolidate the agricultural community better, the Communist Party of China Shangqiu Prefectural Party Committee, under the leadership of the central government and provincial government, actively deployed the implementation of central policies, and adopted a series of policies and measures, meanwhile, combined with the actual situation of the region, to address the retirement from community, which made the agricultural community consolidate better.更多还原