【作者】 赵丹；

【导师】 康建明；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 《沙丘花园》是美国印第安女作家莱斯利·玛蒙·西尔科的一部长篇小说,也是继《典仪》之后发表的又一部关于美国印第安人追求身份认同的小说。该小说1999年出版,受到美国广大读者、专家学者以及报刊杂志的广泛关注,但在国内至今尚未引起人们的重视。到目前为止,除叶如兰博士在其博士论文中提及到这部小说外,尚未有人对这部小说进行过专门分析和研究。本文试从文化身份认同角度来探究主人公英迪戈的身份认同历程。文化身份认同理论认为,“种族身份认同”是文化身份认同的前提,只有认同了自己所属的群体才‘能进一步认清自己所属的文化；“宗教信仰文化认同”则是文化身份认同的一个重要组成部分,印第安人独特的宗教信仰文化占据其文化的很大一部分,几乎所有的印第安文化都与其有关联；“本土文化认同”则是印第安文化身份认同的根基,归根结底,本土文化身份的认同的成功才能真正的实现文化身份的回归。小说的主人公英迪戈受到了美国白人主流文化的冲击,因而一度迷失了种族身份、宗教信仰文化和本土文化认同,为此她内心非常痛苦,从中可以看出印第安人把实现身份认同看得非常重要。当英迪戈被动地置身于白人主流文化和印第安文化之间时,她最终选择了自己的印第安文化,实现了文化身份的认同。本文包含四个部分。引论简要介绍了西尔科的生平、文学成就以及本文要解析的《沙丘花园》这部小说,评述了国内外关于这部小说的评价及研究,进而提出本文的选题意义。第一章概述了文化身份认同理论的内容。文化身份认同理论是后殖民主义的一部分,也是其持续发展的产物。种族文化身份认同、宗教信仰文化认同以及本土文化认同是文化身份认同理论中不可分割、相互作用的三个组成部分。“种族身份认同”是文化身份认同的前提；“宗教信仰文化认同”则是文化身份认同的重要组成部分；“本土文化认同”则是印第安文化身份认同的根基。第二章分析了英迪戈遭受的身份危机。她的故园受到白人的威胁,不得不离开家园另寻出路；信仰受到白人政府的阻止,宗教信仰活动受到破坏；本土文化受到白人主流文化的腐蚀,这一切使英迪戈遭遇到了身份危机并导致她失去了印第安身份：英迪戈和家人离开故园,然后又被迫和家人失散,随后无意中与白人生活在了一起,她失去了种族身份；失去了弥赛亚的踪迹,“鬼舞”仪式也无法举行,她失去了宗教信仰文化；生活在白人中间,学习白人的语言和文化,英迪戈失去了本土文化。第三章论述了英迪戈对印第安文化身份的追寻。在难以割舍的印第安情怀的精神引导下,英迪戈选择了自己的印第安文化,而不受白人主流文化的诱惑。她寻找家人并试图回归故园以追寻其种族身份；追寻弥赛亚的踪迹并多次回忆“鬼舞”仪式的情景以追寻其宗教信仰；保持印第安人的生活方式和习惯并传承印第安的文化传统以追寻其本土文化。经过不懈的努力,英迪戈最终实现了印第安身份的回归：她和姐姐以及姐姐的孩子还有一只猴子、一只鹦鹉一起回到了久违的家园——沙丘花园,实现了种族身份的回归；她找到了弥赛亚的足迹,并且又一次和族人一起参加了“鬼舞”仪式,宗教信仰得到了回归；回到故园后,她们的生活又恢复到了以前的方式,本土文化得到继续和发扬,实现了本土文化的回归。英迪戈最终实现了文化身份的回归,她的身份回归也意味着印第安文化在白人主流文化冲击下有了得救的希望,而英迪戈姐姐孩子的出生则预示着印第安文化将被继续传承下去。最后部分对前几章所探讨的内容作了归纳和总结,并得出结论：英迪戈难以割舍的印第安情怀促使她实现了印第安文化身份的回归,像她这样受到白人主流文化腐蚀和冲击的孩子,能够最终选择自己的本土文化是非常不易的,对于她来说完成了身份追寻的旅程就意味着印第安文化有了被拯救的希望。同时指出,研究英迪戈的身份追寻历程对于现代人“身份意识”的培养有启迪作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gardens in the Dunes is a novel written by an American Indian woman writer Leslie Marmon Silko; it is also considered another work about American Indians’ seeking identity after her Ceremony. Ever since this novel was published in1999, it has aroused the attention of many American readers, scholars, newspapers and magazines. However, little research has been done on it in China except for Dr Ye Rulan’s reference to this novel in her doctoral dissertation. This thesis attempts to approach the novel from the perspective of Cultural Identity to examine Indigo’s identity seeking process.According to Cultural Identity theory,“racial identity” is the premise of “cultural identity”. Only identified with the group a person belongs to, can he further recognize the culture he belongs to.“Religious identity” is a very important part of “cultural identity”. Indians’unique religious belief accounts for a large part of “cultural identity”and almost all of the Indian cultures are related to its religious belief.“Indigenous culture” is the foundation of Indian “cultural identity”, which can be returned with the identity of native culture. In the novel, the protagonist Indigo suffers great inner pain when she loses her “racial identity”,“religious identity” and “indigenous culture” because of the American white mainstream culture shock. Her painful experiences reveal the important role Indians’“cultural identity” plays in her life. When Indigo is passively involved in the white mainstream cultural and Indian cultures, she chooses her Indian culture, and then regains her “racial identity” at last.The thesis consists of three parts in addition to the introduction and conclusion.The Introduction makes a sketch of Silko’s life, her literary achievements and the novel Gardens in the Dunes. It also reviews the domestic as well as overseas research relevant to the author and the novel.Chapter One gives an account of Cultural Identity theory. Cultural Identity theory is a part of postcolonial theory and also the product of its sustainable development.“Racial identity”,“religious identity” and “indigenous culture” are the three inseparable and interactional parts of Cultural Identity theory.“Racial identity” is the premise of “cultural identity”;“religious identity” is a very important part of “cultural identity”;“indigenous culture” is the foundation of Indian “cultural identity”Chapter Two discusses Indigo’s “identity crisis”. With homeland threatened by the white people, Indigo and her family have to leave their old gardens and make a living in other places. Her ceremony is prohibited by the white government and religious activity is destroyed by the white government men. Her native culture is eroded by the white mainstream culture. All of these throw Indigo into identity crisis and lead her to lose her Indian identity:After Indigo and her family leave their homeland; they are forced to live apart from one another. By accident, she lives with a white couple and loses her racial identity. As the tracks of Messiah are lost, the "Ghost Dancing" ceremony can not be held, therefore, Indigo loses her religious identity. Living among the white people and learning the white people’s language and culture, Indigo loses her own culture.Chapter Three focuses on Indigo’s attempt to regain her indigenous culture. With strong affinity with the Indian feeling, Indigo chooses her Indian culture against the temptation of the white mainstream culture. She makes great effort to look for her relatives so as to return to their old gardens and pursue her racial identity. She searches for the tracks of Messiah and recollects the scene of the "Ghost Dancing" ceremony many times for pursuing her religion. She keeps her American Indian life-style and inherits the Indian culture in pursuit of her indigenous culture. So with Indigo’s unremitting effort, she regains her identity at last. Indigo, her sister, her sister’s baby, the monkey and the parrot, all return to the homeland, their long-cherished old gardens in the dunes and finally realize the return of the racial identity. She finds the tracks of Messiah and participates in the" Ghost Dancing" ceremony with her clansmen once again and her religious identity comes back. After returning to the homeland, she restores her life-style to the previous mode and continues to carry on the native culture, thus she realizes the return of the indigenous culture. Finally Indigo realizes the return of identity, which means Indian culture, is hopeful of salvation. The birth of Indigo’s sister’s baby indicates that the Indian culture will continue to be inherited down. The final part summarizes what has been discussed in the previous chapters and comes to a conclusion:Indigo’s strong affinity with Indian identity helps her realize the return of identity. It is very difficult for an Indian child like her, living among white mainstream culture to choose her own culture at last. For her, the completion of her identity seeking journey means the Indian culture is hopeful of salvation. Studying Indigo’s seeking identity journey may help the development of “identity consciousness” in modern society.更多还原