【作者】 宋皓；

【导师】 赵可星；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 民商法学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 融资租赁是伴随着市场经济发展而产生的新型交易形式。自从上个世纪80年代初融资租赁制度引入我国市场以来,得到了迅速的发展。由于其具有强大的融资功能,逐步发展成为继在银行贷款后的第二大融资方式。本文首先分析三方当事人在融资租赁法律关系中所享有的权利以及负担的义务。融资租赁合同关系涉及三方当事人,即供货人、出租人、承租人,两个合同,即买卖合同和租赁合同。出租人作为融资租赁合同的当事人之一,是两个合同的参与者,负担双重义务,其权利也容易在融资租赁交易中受到损害。融资租赁法律关系中这种权利义务关系的特点是出租人享有租赁物所有权,所有权权能分离。正是由于这种权能分离使出租人的权利易受到损害。所有权权能分离导致了出租人本应是物权人而实际上是债权人,出租人享有的支配权实质上是一种请求权。其次本文具体分析出租人权利受损的情形,其中包括承租人违约、出卖人违约、租赁物物权变动、承租人破产等。总的来说,出租人在融资租赁法律关系中做的贡献最大,而受到的保护最小。因此保护出租人权利显得尤为重要,它可以维护交易安全,促进经济发展,使闲置资金得到充分运用。由于融资租赁的法律关系构成的复杂化,导致了救济方法的多样化。本文最后分析了关于融资租赁合同立法现状并指出其在保护出租人权利方面的不足。提出了保护出租人权利的立法建议,如建立完善的融资租赁登记制度,完善取回权制度等建议。本文除去引言和结论外,共分为四个部分,文章结构如下：第一部分主要是从民商法的角度对融资租赁合同法律关系的分析。文章详尽分析了融资租赁合同中的主体、客体、内容和权利义务关系。融资租赁合同法律关系涉及三方主体(供货人、出租人和承租人)、两个合同(买卖合同和租赁合同)的特殊法律关系,三方当事人间权利和义务不是两两对应,而是相互交错。一方当事人享有权利而对第三方当事人负有义务,而不是对取得权利方负担义务。相对于供货人与承租人,出租人在融资租赁合同法律关系中所负的义务多,风险大。第二部分对出租人权利状况进行具体分析。笔者认为出租人权利易受到损害的根本原因是出租人对于租赁物的所有权权能分离。权能分离导致了出租人本应是物权人而实际上是债权人,出租人享有的支配权实质上是一种请求权。之后,本文对出租人权利可能受到损害而的状况进行了一一列举与分析,其中包括出卖人违约、承租人违约、租赁物物权变动、承租人破产。第三部分是针对第二部分所列举的出租人权利受到损害的情形,寻找其救济方法。由于融资租赁法律关系构成的复杂化,导致了救济方法的多元化。这些救济方法有些来自于《合同法》、《破产法》等国内法律规定,也有些是来自于《国际融资租赁公约》等国际条约中的相关规定。第四部分笔者针对我国关于融资租赁的立法现状中的不足提出了完善融资租赁法,尤其是保护出租人权利的立法建议。通过分析,认为我国有关融资租赁的立法不完善,更不要说保护出租人权利。因此,笔者提出了完善租赁物登记制度和取回权制度的立法建议,希望能更好的保护出租人的权利、维护融资租赁市场秩序、维护交易安全。还需要强调的是,由于融资租赁法律关系具有复杂性,法律规定再完善也只是给出了一些概括性的规定。而具体到个案法律关系应该区别对待。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of market-oriented economy, a novel trade form called financial leasing also has been boosted since1980s. As it has effective financial function, financial leasing becomes the second wildly used financing mode after capital loan. The relationship among the financial leasing is based on two contracts as well as three parties. One of the three parties is lessor, which is party for both sales contract and financial leasing contract, whose rights are easily violated. This thesis tries to regard legal relation as logical starting point, and then analyzes the rights and obligations of lessor. According to the special distribution mechanism of rights and obligations, the functions of lessor’s ownership is separated, which is the main reason for lessor’s rights violation. The thesis also lists certain situations that lessor’s rights easily violated, such as lessee breach of contract, change of right in rem, lessee bankrupt. Author tries to give suggestion for financial leasing legislation.Such thesis that has four parts, besides introduction and conclusion.In the first part, the author analyzes the legal relation, including the subject, object, content and the relationship between rights and obligations. Rights and obligations for the financial leasing are not one-to-one correspondence.In the second part, author analyzes the lessor’s right, including the root reason for lessor’s right violation, which is the separation of ownership’s function. After that, some certain situations are stated, like lessee breach of contract, change of right in rem, lessee bankrupt.In the third part, several measures are suggested. All of this measures base on Contract Law, Bankrupt Law and even International Finance Lease Convention.In the forth part, there are suggestions for financial leasing legislation. Actually, the thirteen acts in Contract Law are not enough, not to speak lessor’s rights protection. Therefore, author tried to give some suggestion to the Finance Lease Law, in order to protect lessor’s rights well.更多还原