【作者】 王海燕；

【导师】 刘廷玺；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 科尔沁沙地作为我国最大沙地，近几十年，受气候和人为双重因素影响，导致土地不断荒漠化，生态系统非常脆弱。深入了解该地区土壤特性发生的变化，将对荒漠化治理工作提供有效的理论依据。研究区属沙丘-草甸相间地区，地貌形态多样、土地利用类型众多，决定了其土壤特性空间分布的复杂性。本文通过对科尔沁沙地典型沙丘-草甸相间地区系统周密的调查取样与试验分析，联合运用传统统计学和地统计学理论和方法，研究土壤物化特性的空间变异性及其空间分布规律。1、土壤物理性质中毛管上升含水率、饱和含水率、田间持水量和自然含水率四者之间呈显著正相关。不同土地利用方式下总体表现为草甸地土壤水分含量最高，沙丘地最低，过渡带居中。2、土壤化学性质中pH值受气候、土壤质地等影响，表现出湖泊周边草甸地碱性最大，沙丘地最小；土壤有机质、全氮和全磷统计结果较一致，草甸地>过渡带>沙丘地。草甸地植被生长旺盛，其根系与土壤作用较强，土壤保肥能力强，而全钾呈现出相反趋势，主要原因为钾元素主要来源于含钾的原生矿物和粘土矿物，因此，沙丘地含量最高。3、运用地统计学分析研究区土壤物化特性的空间分布。结果为：各土壤特性属几何异向性；除自然含水率和pH表现了强烈的空间相关性，其他特性均为中等强度相关。经交叉验证，选择变差函数的最佳模型，并运用简单克里格插值法模拟土壤特性的空间分布。整体呈现出研究区中间偏东区域最大，以该区域为中心，分别向南北方向递减，而全钾受土壤母质影响表现出相反趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Horqin sandy land is China’s largest sand, in recent decades, land isconstantly deserting which affected by climate and human dual factors, andthe ecosystem is very fragile. Understanding of the changes in soil propertieswill provide the theoretical basis for desertification control. The spatialdistribution of soil properties is complex in Korqin sandy land withsand-meadow land features, because of various landforms and different typesof land uses. With using the statistics theory and methods, we studied thespatial variability and spatial distribution of soil properties through carefulinvestigation sampling and test analysis.1. There was a positive correlation through rising capillary water、saturated soil moisture、 field moisture and natural soil moisture in soilphysical properties. In different land use, the general result was soil water inmeadow lands was highest, sandy dunes was lowest, the value in transitionalzones was in the middle.2. In chemical properties, effected by the impact of climate、 soil texture,etc, soil alkalinity in meadow lands around the lake was highest, sandy duneswas lowest. Statistical results that soil organic matter, total nitrogen andtotal phosphorus had similar changes, the value in meadow lands was muchmore than sandy dunes, and in transitional zones was medium.The reason isthe growth of vegetation was vigorous, the interaction between roots and soilwas better, and preserving fertilizer ability was strong, but the total kaliumshowed the opposite trend, the main cause of high content of total kalium insandy dunes was potassium comes mainly from primary minerals and clayminerals.3. By the methods of geostatistics, this paper analyzed the spatialdistribution of soil physicochemical properties in the study area. The resultsindicated that: all soil properties belong to geometric anisotropy; In additionto the natural soil moisture and pH showed a strong spatial correlation,others soil properties were related to moderate intensity. By cross-validation,selecting the best model of the variogram and using the simple kriging to simulate the spatial distribution of soil properties. From the point of view ofspatial distribution, soil properties in the middle of eastern part was too large,decreasing to the north and south sides of the study area, except for totalkalium which was affected by the soil parent material.更多还原