“现实的个人”对“绝对精神”的解构

【作者】 李鹏；

【导师】 姜海波；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本文是一篇关于马克思自由思想发展史的论文，主要的研究对象是《1844年经济学哲学手稿》到《德意志意识形态》马克思自由思想发生的变化。本文通过对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》和《德意志意识形态》这两个重要文本中“现实的个人”的变化的分析展现马克思思想发展过程两个阶段的不同面貌，以此引出马克思自由思想的变革；通过对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》对黑格尔哲学的批判以及《德意志意识形态》对黑格尔哲学和人本主义哲学的批判的分析展现马克思思想与黑格尔哲学之间以及马克思思想发展过程不同阶段之间的继承与超越关系。本文主要分为三章。第一章主要分析《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的“现实的个人”与“自由”以及马克思以此为基础对黑格尔哲学的批判；第二章通过对比着重分析《1844年经济学哲学手稿》与《德意志意识形态》之间两种思维范式的根本差别，以此引出后者中的“现实的个人”；第三章主要分析《德意志意识形态》中的分工与自由思想以及马克思就此对黑格尔哲学所作的批判。本文认为，马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中仍然坚持人本主义立场，虽然他通过确立“现实的个人”而与黑格尔哲学有决裂，但是仍然局限于本体论的思维模式，其自由观仍然是先验的和目的论的；而《德意志意识形态》则通过对自然界、个人活动以及个人间的社会关系形式之间的本体论关联的解构而彻底告别了黑格尔，从而建立起一种开放的自由观。更多还原

【Abstract】 The article is about the history of the development of Marx’s thought of freedom, themain study object of which is the change of Marx’s thought of freedom from“Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of1844” to “German Ideology”. Theintention of this article is to show the great difference between the two stages ofdevelopment of Marx’s thought by analyzing the change of meaning of “realisticindividual” between the two important texts “Economics and Philosophical Manuscriptsof1844” and “German Ideology”, and to deduce Marx’s thought of freedom by this way.Another intention is to show the relationship of inheritance and transcendence betweenMarx and Hegel and between the different stages of development of Marx’s thought byanalyzing the criticism of Hegel’s philosophy in “Economic and PhilosophicalManuscripts of1844” and the criticism of Hegel’s philosophy and humanismphilosophy.The article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes “realisticindividual” and “freedom” of “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of1844” andcriticism of Hegel’s philosophy on the basis; the second chapter focuses on thefundamental differences between the two kinds of mode of thought of “Economic andPhilosophical Manuscripts of1844” and “German Ideology” through comparison anddeduce “realistic individual” of the latter. The third chapter mainly analyzes the thoughtof division and freedom and criticism of Hegel’s philosophy on the basis in “GermanIdeology”.It is the opinion of this paper that Marx still adhered to humanistic standpoint in“Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of1844”,and he was still limited to the wayof thinking of Ontology and the concept of freedom is still a priori and teleologicalalthough he broke from Hegel to some extent by acceptance of “realistic individual”. From “German Ideology” Marx began to form an open view of freedom by breaking theontological association between the nature, the individual activities and the form of thesocial relationship among the individuals.更多还原