【作者】 万兵；

【导师】 王军；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 对外汉语， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 成语是现代汉语词汇系统中特殊的一类,在结构、语义、语法、语用等多个方面具有自身的独特性。在对外汉语教学的高级阶段,成语往往作为文化教学的重要内容出现。但实际上,成语在交际层面也发挥着巨大的作用。当前对外汉语成语教学缺乏专门性的、针对二语学习者的成语教学大纲,一定程度上限制了对外汉语成语教学的发展,进而限制了学习者在交际中对成语的运用和进入高级阶段后汉语的丰富。本研究结合现行语言文字规范、词汇大纲、权威教材词汇表,借助语料库,建立面向二语学习者的汉语成语教学大纲,并以收入大纲的成语为研究对象,运用文献研究、定性与定量研究、分析与描写等多种研究方法,从结构、功能两大方面及语法、语义、语用三个层面对成语进行全面而细致的分析,为汉语的成语教学提供参考。大纲建立上,本研究对比一个语言规范、两个词汇大纲、两本权威教材词汇表,结合语料库,找出了高频常用成语,并加以人工统计,确立起由200个成语构成的成语教学大纲,作为下一步研究的基础。结构方面,本研究从形式结构、语法结构、语义结构三个方面入手,对成语进行了全面而细致的分析。发现大纲成语形式结构规整、语法结构丰富、语义结构复杂,具有规律性的特征。功能方面,本研究考察了大纲成语在具体的语言环境中的句法功能和语用功能。发现成语在句法方面的规律性特征,并结合原型语法理论逐一界定了成语的核心句法功能；同时界定成语的语用类属和色彩功能。本研究首次建立了面向二语学习者的汉语成语教学大纲,并针对大纲成语结构和功能进行逐一分析描写,丰富了成语的本体研究。最终形成的具有语义、语法、语用标注的成语大纲,可供对外汉语成语教学使用,具有实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a special category in modern Chinese vocabulary system, idioms have unique characteristics in many aspects such as structure, semantics, grammar and pragmatics. Idioms play an important role in the cultural teaching in the advanced Chinese teaching and communication. To some extent, Lack of the idiom outline for second language learners is the limit for Chinese teaching as a foreign language. It also limits the learner in the communicative use of idioms as advanced Chinese expressions.This essay tries to establish Chinese idioms teaching syllabus for second language learners with the language specification, Outline of Chinese Vocabulary Classes and vocabulary of Authoritative textbook. This essay takes the idiom syllabus as the topic,using methods like document research,relative analysis,the combination of description and analysis to make a comprehensive analysis from two aspects of structure and function,three ways of semantics, grammar and pragmatics. This essay aims to give references to the idiom teaching in the field of TCFL.First, this essay establishes a200high-frequency idioms syllabus for second language learners, which is the object of study.Second, this essay makes a comprehensive analysis of idioms from the form structure, syntax structure and semantic structure, and draws a conclusion that the idioms have neat form structure, rich grammatical structure, complex semantic structure etc.Third, this essay studies idioms in the special language environment from the syntactic functions and pragmatic functions. We get the conclusion that there is a law for idioms in terms of syntactic features. This essay defines the core syntactic functions and color of idioms with the prototype grammar theory.This essay establishes Chinese idiom teaching syllabus for second language learners for the first time and makes a comprehensive analysis of idioms, which enrich the idiom research. Finally we form an idiom syllabus with semantics, grammar and pragmatics. The research is of practical value for the idiom teaching as a foreign language.更多还原