【作者】 王恒；

【导师】 贾超； 赵曰瑕；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 测绘学是研究测定、采集和描绘地球及其表面自然与人工形态及变化状况信息的科学,为人类了解自然、认识自然和能动地改造自然服务。测绘学主要研究测定空间点的位置,测定地球的形状与重力场及各种动力现象,采集和处理陆地与水面及水下自然形态及其变化信息并绘制成图,进行陆地与水面及水下高程测量等方面的理论、方法和技术。测绘工作一直是各种工程的先行兵,因而测绘工作的成败,测绘成果的准确性有着举足轻重的地位。随着我国经济的快速发展,常规GPS测量定位技术,尤其是传统的RTK(Real-Time Kinematic)定位技术是一种基于单参考站和高精度载波相位观测值的实时动态定位技术,其作业成本大、操作繁琐。随着人们对定位精度和作业效率要求的不断提高,如何摆脱传统RTK作业复杂性和在更大的范围内实现高精度动态定位的问题更加突出。近年来,伴随着网络技术、计算机技术、无线通讯技术的飞速发展,使得大量数据实时传输和处理成为可能：寻找一种高效的、廉价的、实时的高精度动态定位系统就显得尤为重要。在这些条件和需求下,连续运行参考站网络CORS(Continuou Operation Reference Stations)出现了我们简称其为CORS系统。CORS系统的出现可以满足城市规划、国土测绘、地籍管理、城乡建设、环境监测、气象预报、防灾减灾、船舶、车辆导航、交通监控等多种现代信息化管理的社会需求。我国的不同行业和地区也布设了若干这样的参考站网系统,以满足某些行业的需求。在南水北调东线一期南四湖至东平湖段输水与航运结合工程中,本文就CORS技术在平面、高程控制测量、灰线撒设、勘界图测量、界桩埋设工作中的应用进行了实施方法的介绍。CORS技术不仅加快了作业速度,节约了生产成本,而且对于技术的应用提供了宝贵的实地检核与验证,对以后该方法在其他工程中的应用,对丰富测绘技术,尤其是水利工程中测绘技术的应用,提供了宝贵的经验。CORS给定位技术带来了一场革命,但是CORS技术也不是完美无缺的,在GPS测量工作中,同样也会遇到很多问题。本文就CORS应用中遇到的问题进行简要分析并提出一些解决方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Geomatics is a science of studying how to survey, map and describe the earth and the changes of its natural surface as well as its artificial state, helping human to understand the nature and change the nature actively. The survey study main research determination spatial point’s position, determines Earth’s shape and the gravitational field and each kind of power phenomenon, gathering and the processing land and the water surface and the submarine natural form and the change information and draws up the chart, carries on aspect and so on land and water surface and submarine elevation survey theories, the method and the technology. As the first work of various projects, the surveying quality and the accuracy of the results play a very important position.With the rapid development of our national economy, the conventional GPS, especially the RTK positioning technology which based on a single reference station and carrier phase measurements of high precision real-time dynamic positioning technology, is considered to be costly and hard to operate. How to break off the complexity of operation with RTK and how to achieve exact positioning of dynamic, stand out in that people have more requirements for the more exact positioning and higher operating efficiency. In recent years, the rapid development of internet technology, computer technology and wireless correspondence technology makes it possible to transmit and deliver mass data simultaneously. What is more important is to find a new dynamic positioning system which is more efficient, cheaper and more accurate. To meet the need, there appeared CORS (Continuous Operational Reference System), which can satisfy the social need for different modern information management, such as city panning, land surveying, cadastral management, urban and suburban construction, environment monitoring, weather forecast, disaster prevention and mitigation, navigation for ships and vehicles, traffic Monitoring etc.In our country, this system is established in many industries and regions for the requirement of some fields. The thesis aims at introducing and studying how to make CORS into practice in the projects like horizontal and vertical control surveying, gray line spreading, boundary mapping, boundary marker planting, by taking instances from the project of water supplying and shipping from NanSi Lake to DonPing Lake which is the first phase of eastern south-to-north water transfer project.CORS not only accelerates the speed of operation and saves the cost of production, but also provides valuable evaluation andverification about the practice of the technology. In addition, it enriches the surveying and mapping technology, and provides first-handed experience for other water engineering projects.CORS brings a new revolution to positioning technology, but it is not perfect yet. There are still some problems unsolved in the GPS surveying and mapping. Hence the thesis also points out some problems and proposes the way to solve them by brief studying and analyzing.更多还原