“别说”的语篇分析

【作者】 王森；

【导师】 刘静敏；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以功能语法作为理论框架,以语篇分析作为切入点,以现代汉语“别说”为例,分析“别说”在语篇中具体使用的情况。汉语“别说”是一个用法相对复杂的词语,在使用中也经历了历时的变化。“别说”最初是由口语性较强的否定副词“别”和动词“说”构成的一个状中式结构,这个结构在一直用作短语的同时,目前也已在个别义项上凝固为词。我们认为,“别说”有三种不同词性及用法,即：作为状中结构的短语“别说1”；作为连词的“别说2”与作为话语标记的“别说3”。“别说2”作为连词出现在递进复句中,表示借助层级关系来贬低或褒扬另一方的意思；“别说3”作为一个功能词,可以出现在对话或非对话中表示“意外”,起话语标记作用。“别说”是现代汉语中一个出现频率很高的结构,通过对北京大学中国语言学研究中心的现代汉语语料库进行检索,共搜集语料2389条,我们根据句法标准、语义标准和语用标准,对结构“别说”进行分类,并逐一进行分词、筛选、定性,得出符合条件的语料共计2131条。本文根据得出的符合条件的语料进行定量分析,统计结果如下：“别说1”是一个由“副词+动词”构成的状中短语结构,还没有进入词汇系统,“别说1”仍然活跃在现代汉语中,这个初始的用法一直保留了下来。“别说2”是作为连词出现在复句中的情况,“别说2”充当连词连接两个单句表示递进关系,一般出现在前一个分句中,当出现在后一个分句时,一般前加“更”修饰。“别说3”我们称之为话语标记词,是指“别说3”在语篇中具有话语标记(Discourse Markers)的功能,作为话语标记的“别说3”,在语段中可以省略而且并不影响原语段的语义,因为它对语段的语义内容并无贡献,但是听话人却可以通过话语标记更好理解所在语段在具体语境中表达的意义。并试图通过顺应论和关联理论对“别说”语篇构建功能进行分析与解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of the functional syntax theory,this thesis tried to analyze the "Bieshuo" which is used in the discourse.It is believed that "Bieshuo" has quiet complex usages in the modern Chinese and that it undergoes the process of grammaticalization."Bieshuo" starts with the compound of the Adverb "Bie" and the Verb "Shuo". At some point, it has begun to be used as the con junction "Bieshuo2" and the discourse marker "Bieshuo3". The conjunction "Bieshuo2" leads compound sentences which are of high frequency in the corpus. It often appears in the former sentence, whose key function is to belittle or praise the other part of the sentence. As a discourse marker, the "Bieshuo3" is mainly used in the passage to express the meaning of "unexpected", which is the new function as the process of the language changes."Bieshuo" is a structure that is of high frequency in the modern Chinese. We found2389examples in the CCL corpus of Peking University. Additionally, on the base of the corpus, we characterize every example with the standard of syntax、semantics and pragmatic function.Except the unqualified examples, we finally get2131fine examples as follows:"Bieshuo1", the phrase structure, composed of the "Adverb+verb", which has not been able to enter the vocabulary system. As a conjunction, it used between the two sentences to express the progressive relationship, which generally appearing in the preceding clause. When appears in a former clause,it usually modified with"Geng"."Bieshuo3"Canbe omitted and does not affect the semantic primitive segments in the text,because it has no contribution to the discourse semantic content.However,the hearer can better understand the discourse marker in specific contextsurroundings. Also,this thesis attempts to analyze and explain thestructure of the discourse function of "Bieshuo3"in relevance andcoherence theory.更多还原