【作者】 李颖；

【导师】 胡海辉；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 城市湖泊是城市水环境的重要组成部分,不仅为当地居民提供休闲游玩的场所,而且还是单位面积生态服务价值较高的生态系统类型之一。随着我国城市化速度不断加快,城市湖泊资源的开发利用日趋加强,建设中由于缺乏对湖泊生态系统保护意识和系统指导,引起了一系列环境问题,给城市湖泊可持续发展带来很大的压力。面对退化的湖泊生态环境,湖泊生态系统的恢复和保护越来越受到人们的关注,并成为各城市建设的重点。目前,景观规划设计领域缺乏对湖泊景观可持续营造的研究,因此基于“政府宏观指导+公众参与宣传+工程技术应用”角度的城市湖泊景观可持续营造研究具有一定的创新性及可探索性。本文阐述了与文章题目相关的城市湖泊、可持续观念、景观营造的概念,介绍了城市湖泊与城市的关系、城市湖泊的分类与功能、城市湖泊的景观构成与空间格局分析,针对目前我国的湖泊资源及景观现状,总结了城市湖泊建设中现存的景观延续性差、自身特色缺失、生态问题严重、公共参与意识淡薄、工程技术应用不全面的问题,并以生态工程技术为切入点,结合其他辅助手段,分析日本琵琶湖、美国奥兰多湿地公园的污染治理制度和国内成都活水公园、苏州金鸡湖建设时应用的新型技术,通过总结找出适合湖泊可持续营造使用的工程技术和先进观念。主要提出在宏观指导层面、以人为本层面和工程技术层面的湖泊景观营造方法,归纳如下：(1)在宏观政策层面,人民政府应当加强对湖泊可持续利用工作的领导,相关部门通过吸纳专业型人才指导工作并对项目开发商进行引导,推动湖泊景观的可持续发展；在组织湖泊项目时最好提前召开专家咨询会议,邀请各方面专家提出建议；(2)在公众教育方面,通过组织集会、发放调查问卷、开辟网络平台及贴吧等方法,收集群众意见,找到公众最需要的湖泊空间开发模式,建立公众参与的湖泊保护、宣传和监督机制；通过开展“面向公众、重在基层、营造优秀案例”的政策,以适宜的方式,较低的投入成本,取得较好的宣传教育效果;(3)在工程技术应用方面,利用新型环保疏浚技术防止清淤过程中的二次污染,通过建立水生—湿生—陆生植物群落,形成稳定的水生生物群落,增强湖泊的自净能力,采用人工湿地技术解决了湖泊水体的污染和循环问题,采用人工生态浮岛技术处理水体富营养化问题,通过生态护岸解决了湖泊与陆地之间水分调节交换以及两栖动物上岸问题,通过增强新型环保铺装材料和新型节能技术的使用,做到能源和材料的可持续利用。(4)以武汉市天鹅湖项目为案例研究,运用上文总结出来的三方面城市湖泊生态景观可持续营造方法来对天鹅湖进行方案设计,将总结的一系列生态工程技术及方法应用到实践中,与大东湖生态水网和武汉大道城市规划等上位规划紧密联系,对天鹅湖区域重点打造,并通过环保疏浚、建设1#与2#人工湿地、增加潜流助推式曝气机、生态驳岸等改善了天鹅湖的环境,营造优美的适宜民众游乐的景观,实现了理论研究与案例设计的有机结合。(5)通过本论文研究,总结出一些城市湖泊景观可持续营造的方法和工程技术手段,从湖泊资源的可持续利用角度出发,为其他类型城市滨水区景观设计提供有价值的理论参考与实践参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban lakes is an important part of urban water environment, which not only can be used as local resident places for leisure and pleasure or a unique ecological function, but also is one of most valuable ecological system types providing ecological service per unit area. Recent years, with the accelerating pace of urbanization in our country and the development and utilization of the urban lakes resources is increasingly strengthened, contrary to lack of protection consciousness and the system guidance of lake ecological system, there is a series of problems in urbanization, which bring a lot of pressure on the development of sustainable urban lakes. In the face of increasingly degrade of lake ecological environment, people pay more attention to how to protect and restore of the lakes ecosystem, and also the government do in the city building. Now, the world of landscape planning and design lacks of systematic research of lake landscape sustainable construction. Based on this background,’Study on ecological landscape sustainable construction of urban lakes’contains certain innovative and exploratory.In this article, it defines the concept of Urban lakes, Sustainable concept and Landscape construction, introduces the related problems of urban lakes, analyzes the present situation of lake landscape and resources in our country, summarizes problem of the landscape poor continuity and characteristics missing and serious ecological problems and citizen consciousness of public participation, and so on. Secondly, it adopts the combination of theory and case research, treats the restoration technologies in lake landscape sustainable construction as a point-cut, analyzes cases of lakes sustainable development at home and abroad, strives to sum up the general process of urban lake landscape sustainable construction and put forward the sustainable construction concept, principle and methods. In aspect of planning and policy, government departments should strengthen the guidance for the work of sustainable utilization of lakes, incorporate lake landscape sustainable construction work into the national economic and social development plans, promote the sustainable development of lake landscape; in aspect of lake protection concept, government departments should strengthen lakes protection publicity and education work, enhance the public lakes protection awareness, establish public participation in the lakes protection, management and supervision mechanism; in aspect of ecological engineering technology, using new environmental protection dredging technique to prevent the secondary pollution in the process of dredging, using technology of artificial ecological floating island and phytoremediation to solve the problem of eutrophication of water, using the ecological revetment technology to solve the moisture adjustment between lake and land exchange and amphibians ashore.Finally, take swan lake environmental projects in wuhan city as an example, making full use of concept summed up of ecological landscape sustainable construction of urban lake and principles to make the design of swan lake, it apply a series of studied ecological engineering technology to practice, realize the combination of theoretical research and case design.Through the thesis research, it summarizes some concept and method of ecological landscape sustainable construction of urban lake, as lakes for the research model, enlighten the related field of study, make a certain foundation for landscape design for other characteristics in-depth study and provide certain reference in research method.更多还原