【作者】 王瑞；

【导师】 李德义；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 生态文学在现代生态危机和人类精神困境的背景下产生，从生态学角度出发，生态文学研究人与自然，人与文学之间的关系，它深刻挖掘文学中所包含的生态内涵，从中汲取丰富的生态智慧，以此来指导人类的生活实践，并提高在生态实践中的生存能力。生态文学的发展，促使人类不断探寻生态危机产生的社会文化根源，探析人与自然、人与社会、人与自我的关系，从中找到消除危机的策略。梭罗，作为19世纪40年代的美国作家是世界生态文学的开创者，他有关自然生态方面的著作，对当时所提倡的“人类中心主义”提出质疑。最著名的就是《瓦尔登湖》，他用心灵和大自然进行精神体验的交融，描写了自然万物的美和自由，开创生态文学的先河。梭罗创作的一系列有关自然生态的作品，启迪人类智慧，为当今处在严重生态危机和精神困境的人类提供了宝贵的精神财富。沈从文，作为20世纪30年代中国现代文学史上成就最大，影响最深的生态作家，是中国现代生态思想的开拓者。沈从文在人与自然和谐统一的生态思想下，突破了“人类中心主义”的藩篱，从他的作品中能看出他独特的生态智慧和生态理念，表达他找寻人类的信仰，重建人类生态文明的理想和追求。沈从文作为中国杰出的文学家和思想家，他的作品始终立足于关爱全人类的高度，积极关注思考人类面临的生态危机和精神困境。《边城》作为沈从文最具代表性的著作，充分反映了他崇尚自然，热爱生命，推崇建立人与自然和谐的自然家园和人类精神家园的现代生态意识。本论文由四个章节组成。第一章对研究的缘由、意义及具体思路进行了阐释，对梭罗和沈从文的生平及他们的生态思想进行介绍，为下文中二者的生态共鸣做出铺垫。第二章分别综述了国内外对梭罗和沈从文的研究现状，并简要介绍了梭罗和沈从文对比研究的现状，提出了本论文的中心主题。第三章分别从自然生态、社会生态、精神生态三个方面进行了深入的比较,分析了梭罗和沈从文生态思想和智慧的共鸣之处。自然生态方面,他们主张热爱自然、尊重生命、与自然平等和谐共处，具有天人合一的自然观；社会生态方面，分别从现实社会和理想家园分析二者都重视精神与物质的和谐发展，提倡要人与人和谐共处，简化物欲，健康而有益的生活；精神生态方面，梭罗与沈从文都深刻揭示了现代社会人类的精神困境，他们推崇个人的精神独立，追求个人的精神自由，并倡导人类应该回归到自然母亲的怀抱，在自然中寻求精神慰藉，从中净化心灵，升华思想。第四章论文结语部分,对梭罗和沈从文的文学创作进行总结及评价，充分说明研究二者的现实意义和价值在于实践和理论指导了当今世界的人们，同时使前人的生态智慧得以继承和发扬。虽然梭罗和沈从文生活在不同的时代和国家，但他们的生态思想具有许多共同之处。本文试图通过考察梭罗生态思想与沈从文生态智慧的契合，深入发掘二者的生态思想共鸣之处，对当前人类面临的生态危机有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological literature comes into being under the background of modern ecological crisis andspiritual dilemma.From the point of ecological view, it discusses the relationship between nature andliterature，man and literature.It explores literature ecological connotation, absorbing the essence ofecological wisdom, instructing human ecological practice, improving human survival ability andexploring the social cultural roots which causes ecological crisis and the strategy to resolving the crises.Henry David Thoreau, American writer in the1840s as a pioneer of ecological literature in theworld, he created a series of natural ecological writings, he questioned the advocated "anthropocentric"at that time."Walden" is his most representative work, which creating a precedent for ecologicalliterature and bringing a fresh and healthy air to the human who sink in the spirit and ecological crisis.Inthe book, Thoreau described the variety of the beauty of life, liberty and the poetic exist with hisspiritual experience that his whole soul blending with the life of natural things. Thoreau’s works containprofound ecological thought, which provides a most precious spiritual wealth to people in seriousecological crisis and spiritual dilemma today. The1930s Chinese writer Shen Congwen is one of thehighest achievements and the most far-reaching ecological writer in China modern literature history, apioneer of the modern ecological thinking. As the outstanding writer and thinker in China in thetwentieth century, Shen Congwen always thinking of all mankind based on the care, the concerningabout the survival and development of the Chinese nation, and also paying a positive attention to thecommon problems that faced by human being. He broke through the narrow "anthropocentrism "withbold advanced consciousness and put forward his own unique ecological thinking under the ecologicalguidance of the harmonious unity of man and nature, which expressed the ideal and pursuit of thereconstruction of ecological civilization."Border Town” is Shen Congwen’s most representative work,which expresses his respect for nature, highly revere life, and holds the modern ecological consciousnessthat creating a spiritual and natural homeland for the harmonious unity between human and nature.This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One explains the reason, the significance and specificthought of the study, then introduces Thoreau’s and Shen Congwen’s life and their ecological thinking,which pave the way to their ecological resonance. The Chapter two respectively overviews Thoreauand Shen Congwen’s research at home and abroad then briefly introduces the present situation forThoreau and Shen Congwens’ contrast study and proposes the main theme of this dissertation. Thechapter three respectively analyzes from man and nature, man and society, man and himself, that is fromthree aspects of generalized ecological-natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, whichmakes a deep comparison between them and finds their ecological resonance. From the aspect of natural ecology, they both have natural view that man is an integral part of nature, claiming that respect for lifeand man and nature are equal. From the aspect of social ecology, they respectively analyze from the realand ideal society and both attach high importance to the harmonious development of the spiritual and thematerial world, then advocate people to live in a harmony, simple, healthy life. From the aspect ofspiritual ecology, Thoreau and Shen Congwen profoundly reveals the imbalance of the spiritual ecologyin modern society through their works, and thinking deeply of how to rebuild the moral and spiritualworld. Furthermore, they think highly of individual spirit independence and moral cultivation, andpropose return to nature for the purification of the mind.Chapter Four is the conclusion that makes a summary and evaluation of Thoreau’s and ShenCongwen’s literary works, illustrates the practical significance and value of the study, which guides theresearchers to study them from practice and theoretical today, to inherit and carry forward the glory ofthe previous thought. Although Thoreau and Shen Congwen live in different times and countries, buttheir ecological thought are striking similar. This paper attempts to study Thoreau’s and Shen Congwen’secological thoughts and to in-depth explore their ecological thoughts’ similarities, which in order toresolve the ecological crisis that human beings face today.更多还原