【作者】 王晓晖；

【导师】 于哲舟；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 软件工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着现代科技的飞速发展，环境污染日趋严重，能源浪费日益加剧。这些都对人类的生存和发展产生了负面效应。同时人们对自己的生活、工作环境提出了更高的要求。自从胡锦涛总书记提出了科学发展观之后，我们在可持续发展方面有了一定的提高和改善，但改进的力度有待加强。在科技飞速发展的二十一世纪，给我们科技工作者又重新提出了一项重要课题：如何进行绿色科技、如何有效进行节能减排、如何在加工生产中做到省时高效。我们进行科研工作时，在这两方面进行提高与创新尤为重要。机床数控化技术经历了数代发展，从逻辑数控阶段发展到今天的计算机数字控制阶段，数控技术的每一次进步都标志着机械制造业一个质的飞跃。在欧美一些发达国家数控机床已经全面取代了原始手工机床，但在中国机床数控化程度还很低，迫使我们要把机床数控化放在科技发展的重要位置。在工厂、公司、学校还存在大量的普通手工机床，如何进行机床数控化也就是说把普通机床进行数控改造，同时如何处理老式普通机床便是我们值得思考的问题。如果完全抛弃手工机床会造成不必要的浪费，而它们在工业生产制造方面的效率又不如数控机床高。普通机床加工均靠工人的加工水平去决定工件加工精度的高低，如果加工复杂的精密的器件，这样的手工操作难免力不从心。本文基于以上几点考虑对普通车床进行数控化改造和再利用。因此，参照数控车床系统，通过8051单片机来驱动步进电机，控制其转速的快慢和转角大小，从而控制普通车床的刀具移动从而进行加工，尤其加工不规则曲面如凸轮、涡轮等。同时在软件方面，单片机编程采用C语言，而不是以前的G代码或汇编语言，这样使得设计更加丰富，简单易于理解和掌握。采用C语言编程使我们更容易理解程序，而汇编语言编程比较复杂难懂。本人工作单位有数台CA6140普通车床，平时进行教学用。由于不是批量加工，同时为了节省开销，可用于进行本文的实验和检测。在此车床基础上进行改造，也为设计提供方便的条件。从而提高了加工精度，也为以后的教学提供了必要的基础和方便。传统的数控编程语言采用G、M代码。数控编程语言并不是针对计算机控制的语言，而是为直接操作加工零件建立的。其代码本身有着一定局限性。由于现在熟悉掌握C语言的数控机床操作人员逐渐增多，同时用C语言对单片机、arm等控制芯片进行编程日趋普遍。用C语言编程来替代传统的数控编程语言十分必要，并且将会拥有广泛的市场。论文重点讨论了单片机对步进电机的驱动，步进电机控制刀具移动的编程以及车床上的刀具如何进行凸轮加工，并采用C语言作为数控编程语言，对相应的编程方法进行设计和论述。论文主要研究工作如下：（1）整个系统的硬件选择与电路设计；（2）凸轮加工过程；（3）步进电机驱动动刀具对凸轮进行加工的方法；（4）加工精度的提高；（5）对数控车床编程方法进行设计；（6）利用新的数控编程方法来实现对凸轮的加工并给出其实现代码。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the worseningenvironmental pollution, energy waste is growing. These have had a negative effect onhuman survival and development. People put forward higher requirements on theirown lives, work environment. Since President Jintao Hu put forward the scientificconcept of development, we are in terms of sustainable development has been someimprovement and improve, but efforts need to be strengthened and improved. Therapid development in technology the21st century, science and technology workersraised an important issue to us again: how to make green technology, how to carry outenergy conservation effectively, how to machining more effectively and faster.Conducting research work, we carry out in these areas to improve and innovation isparticularly important.CNC technology has gone through several generations of development, from thelogic CNC stage to today’s computer numerical control stage, the CNC technologyevery advance machinery manufacturing marks a qualitative leap. Some developedcountries in Europe CNC machine tools has been fully replaced the original handmachine tools, CNC machine tools in China is still very low, forcing us to take on thetechnological development of CNC machine tools in an important position. There arestill a large number of ordinary hand tools in factories, companies and schools. How totransform ordinary machine tools to CNC, and how to deal with old-fashioned generalmachine tools is our question that is worth considering. If the ordinary machine will becompletely abandoned, it will cause unnecessary waste, and they in industrialproduction in the manufacture of high-efficient and less CNC machine tools. It Willresult in unnecessary waste if completely abandoned general machine tools, whiletheir efficiency is very low compared to the CNC machine tool manufacturing in the industrial production. All ordinary machining processing level by the workers to decidethe level of precision of the workpieces. Such as manual operation is inevitablypowerless if the machining of complex precision components.Based on the above points into account, NC to transform and re-use ordinaryLathes. Therefore, the reference to the CNC system, through8051MCU drive thestepper motor to control the size of its speed and rotation angle, and control ordinaryLathes movement to be processed, particularly machining irregular surface such ascams, turbo and so on. On the software side, the micro-controller is programmed byusing C language, instead of the previous G code or assembly language, which makesthe design more abundant, simple and easy to understand and master. Using the Cprogramming language makes it easier for us to understand the program, andassembly language programming is more complicated to understand. There areseveral CA6140ordinary Lathes in my place of work, usually for teaching purposes.Because of not batch processing, and in order to save money, I use them forexperiments and testing on this paper. Transform these ordinary Lathes, but alsoprovide convenient conditions for the design. Thereby the machining accuracy isimproved, but also the transformation of the ordinary Lathes provides the necessaryfoundation and convenience for future teaching.G, M code is used as a conventional CNC programming language.CNCprogramming language is not a language for computer control, but for be created tooperation directly machined parts. And it exists some limitations. Since CNC machineoperators who are familiar with the C language and grasp it increase graduallynow,and control chips such as MCU and ARM those are programmed by the Clanguage have become increasingly common. Using the C programming language toreplace the traditional CNC programming language is necessary, and will be popular.The paper focuses on the driver of stepper motor by single-chip, the programmingof the movement controlling of Lathes how to process Cam by stepper motor. Clanguage is used as CNC programming language, and the correspondingprogramming method is designed and discussed. The thesis research are as follows:(1) hardware selection and circuit design of the entire system;(2) Machining cam;(3) Stepper motor driver tool for processing cam;(4) improvement of the machiningaccuracy;(5) to design CNC lathe programming method;(6) to use the new CNCprogramming method to achieve the cam machining and to give its code of theimplementation.更多还原