【作者】 施展；

【导师】 刘淼； 陶俊；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 环境科学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 已有的研究表明PM_2.5与人体健康、城市能见度和气候变化密切相关。然而，我国80%以上的城市PM_2.5不能满足《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095-2012）中所提出的的指标，可见我国PM_2.5污染形势不容乐观。北部湾地区是我国经济较为落后的地区，大气环境现状相对较好，但是地区重点产业规划仍然以传统的高耗能、高污染的钢铁、石化和能源项目为主，可以预见在进一步的经济发展过程中，必将排放出大量的大气污染物，并给当地的大气环境带来较大的影响。因此有必要对北部湾地区PM_2.5的现状进行观测研究，并掌握其主要的贡献源，以便为国家和地方环保部门制定相关的大气污染防治政策提供基础依据。虽然目前针对城市PM_2.5源解析的研究很多，但主要集中在污染较严重、经济较发达的地区，如京津冀地区、长三角地区和珠三角地区，但是针对北部湾地区的PM_2.5观测及其源解析研究还尚未涉及。本研究在夏季对北部湾地区9个主要城市进行为期半个月的PM_2.5化学成分观测，并同步收集了气象资料，着重分析各个城市PM_2.5污染特征和空间变化特征。在此基础上，利用PMF模型定量解析出北部湾9个城市PM_2.5的主要污染源。通过对北部湾地区9个城市PM_2.5物理化学观测开展的主要研究内容包括：（1）PM_2.5空间分布特征；（2）PM_2.5化学成分污染特征；（3）PM_2.5来源解析。本研究旨在了解北部湾地区PM_2.5污染特征及其主要来源，为该地区制定大气污染防治政策提供科学依据。通过对北部湾地区夏季PM_2.5及其化学成分的观测分析发现: PM_2.5总平均浓度为38.4±17.7μg m^-3，18个采样点平均浓度变化范围为23.0⁶1.3μg m^-3，均小于我国空气质量标准（GB3095-2012）中PM_2.5二级浓度限值(75μg m^-3)。从地理分布上看，除茂名外，其他城市大气PM_2.5平均浓度整体上从北至南呈降低的趋势。北部湾地区夏季大气PM_2.5中OC和EC的浓度均值分别为9.2±2.6μg m^-3和1.9±1.1μg m^-3，其空间分布与PM_2.5空间分布基本一致。TCA占PM_2.5的贡献平均值为56.8%，北部湾地区夏季大气PM_2.5中总水溶性离子浓度为11.7±9.8μg m^-3，占PM_2.5质量浓度百分比为27.3±11.8%，表明碳气溶胶和水溶性离子是北部湾地区PM_2.5的重要组成部分。利用PMF模型对北部湾地区PM_2.5进行了源解析，结果也发现二次气溶胶是其PM_2.5的主要来源。此外，工业源、机动车尾气、生物质燃烧以及施工扬尘或道路扬尘也是其的重要来源。更多还原

【Abstract】 Previous studies have shown that PM_2.5is closely related to human health, cityvisibility and climate change. However, more than80%of Chinese urban PM_2.5can notmeet ‘ambient air quality standard’（GB3095-2012）, the pollution situation of PM_2.5inChina is not optimistic.The region of Beibu Gulf is economy backward in China, the atmosphere isrelatively good, however, the regional industry planning is still mainly focus on traditionalprojects, such as iron and steel, petrochemical and energy, with high energyconsumption, high pollution, by which can we foresee the trend of large amounts ofatmospheric pollutant emissions in the further economic development, and bring aboutgreater impact to the local atmospheric environment. Therefore, it is necessary to carryout observation and study of the PM_2.5stutus in Beibu Gulf region, as well as to graspthe main source contribution, which could provide the basic information to the nationaland local departments who are responsible for making policy in air pollution prevention.Although many studies of urban PM_2.5source apportionment have been carried out,they are mainly in the region of seriously polluted and economically developed, such asthe region of Jing-Jin-Ji, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, and the region ofBeibu Gulf has not even been touched. This research was including the work of PM_2.5chemical composition observation, synchronously meteorological data collection,pollution characteristics and space variations in9cities during half a month in summer.On this basis, PMF model had been applied to quantitative analysis of the main pollutionsources in9cities in Beibu Gulf. Through the phisical and chemical observation in theseplaces, the main content of the research was including:（1） PM_2.5spatial distributioncharacteristics;（2） PM_2.5chemical pollution characteristics;（3） PM_2.5sourceapportionment. The purpose of this study was to understand the pollution characteristicsand main sources of PM_2.5in the region of Beibu Gulf, and to provide the basicinformaiton for policy making in atomospheric pollution prevention.The observation, analysis and chemical composition of PM_2.5inthe region of BeibuGulf during summer illustrated: the total average concentration of PM_2.5was38.4±17.7 μg m^-3, the average concentration ranged from23.0μg m^-3to61.3μg m^-3among18sampling points, which were all lower than the Secondary Concentration Limitation(75μg m^-3)of Chinese Air Quality Standards （GB3095-2012）. The average concentration ofOC and EC were repectively9.2±2.6μg m^-3and1.9±1.1μg m^-3, and their spatialdistributions were consistent with PM_2.5. The average contribution of TCA reached56.8%of PM_2.5, the concentration of total water-soluble ions of PM_2.5in Beibu Gulf was11.7±9.8μg m^-3, which ocupied27.3±11.8%of the mass concentration percentage ofPM_2.5, and which showed that carbon areosol and water-soluble ions were importantcomponent of PM_2.5in9cities in Beibu Gulf.PMF model had been applied to the source apportionment of PM_2.5in Beibu Gulfduring summer, which also showed secondary aerosol was the main source of PM_2.5inthe region of Beibu Gulf. Additionally, other important sources were also involving, suchas industry pollution, vehicle exhaust, biomass burning and construction or road dust.更多还原