【作者】 张敏；

【导师】 徐兴无；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 墨家是先秦诸子中除儒家和道家之外最有影响力的学派,自秦汉以降虽然有漫长的沉寂过程,但其精神绵延不绝。以秦汉为界,墨学的发展可分为实践与研究两个阶段,之前墨家团体仍在实际地活动着,之后其教派不存,而丰富的思想被分崩离析地融合进公共知识资源中去。以接受对象为别,可分为墨家团体、官方话语、民间团体以及介于三者之间的文人士子(汉以后)。综合来看,墨学研究大致上有两条途径,一是偏重对墨子、墨教的历史研究,包括墨子及其后学行年事迹、与其他诸子往来关系等,因墨家集团中绝已久,存疑不绝；二是对于墨家思想的研究,包括《墨子》中经国济世的学问、名理辩论之学、科技军事思想等。前者重在贯通,寻找历史事件背后的直接原因,后者重在以逻辑思想阐发《墨子》。历史背后隐含着思想,逻辑思想必在一定的历史背景下,所以这两条道路,本不能相离太远。这两条途径所一致者,皆以《墨子》内部研究为主要。本文正是将两条途径结合起来,把墨家历史与《墨子》思想接受史结合起来研究,通观《墨子》,可知墨家集团本身发展有流变、有不同,可知墨家与他家的历史交流；对比墨家与诸子,可证墨学思想传播之主次,可证《墨子》书写的渊源、顺序先后。以此为基本思路,本文共设三章,第一章论述墨家内部和《墨子》其书基本情况；第二章阐述墨家在秦汉官学背景之下的接受状况；第三章详述墨学被道教吸收及其民间化。墨家与儒家、道家的关系,墨家的兴衰,是两条主线。上自周末,下及初唐,可见墨学的演变,既有其内部的局限性,也有秦汉以来学术演变力量的作用,尤其是《墨子》思想被黄老道家和道教吸收,对墨学接受的影响一直延续到明清以前。就方法而言,本文仍是以《墨子》文本解读为主,在考察与诸子关系时,择取最具有代表性的观点加以阐发,文献考证与思想分析并行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mohist shcool is the most infective school except Confucian school and Taoist school in Pre-Qin period. Although Mohist school experiences a long-term repressive process since the Qin and Han Dynasties, its spirit still continues to spread.If the Qin and Han Dynasties are regarded as the critical period, the development of Moxue can be divided into two stages, namely the practice and research stage. Before the critical period Mohist group is still active, but after the critical period it doesn’t exist and its rich thought is integrated into the public knowledge resources. According to the different acceptance object, Mohist group can be divided into Mohist school, official discourse, private association and scholar group (after the Han Dynasty).In general, the research of Moxue has two ways, one is the emphasis on the history of Mo-tse and Mohism, including life stories of Mo-tse and his students, and the relation with other philosophers; the other is the study of Mohist thought, including the knowledge of the management of the country, the debate thought, military thought and the thought of the science and technology in the book called "Mo-tse". This paper combines the two ways, and find that the development of Mohist group itself has different change and historical communication with other philosophers; By comparing Mohist with other philosophers, we can understand that the transmission characteristics of Mohist thought and the origin and sequence of the book "Mo-tse".According to the basic idea above, this paper consists of three chapters. The first chapter discusses the basic situation of Mohist group and "Mo-tse"; the second chapter interprets the acceptance situation of Mohist in the background of Qin-Han official knowledge; the third chapter depicts the process by which Moxue is absorbed by Taoist and private association. In a word, from the late years of the Zhou Dynasty to the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the evolution of Moxue not only has the internal limitations, but also is drived by the academic power since the Qin and Han Dynasties.As for the method, this paper mostly interprets the text "Mo-tse". When investigating the relation with other philosophers, we select the most representative view to explain by using the textual research and analysis of thought.更多还原