【作者】 张磊；

【导师】 彭华民；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 社会学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 人口老龄化是人类社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物。人口老龄化带来的老年人口的增多对养老问题提出严峻挑战。在全面建设社会主义新农村与构建城乡一体化的大背景下,农村养老问题逐渐受到社会各界的关注。农村老人养老问题不仅受到城乡二元的社会福利制度影响,还受到青壮年人口不断外流与农村土地撂荒的现实冲击。在人口老龄化与家庭养老弱化的双重挤压下,我国农村老人的养老问题异常突出。本文以农村老人为研究对象,以农村老年福利多元供给为研究问题。对农村老年福利多元供给问题的研究展现出农村老人现实的生活图景,不仅有助于解决我国日益增长的农村老人对福利的需要,缓解我国在农村老年福利供给方面的压力,实现农村老人的老有所养。而且还有助于完善农村老年福利制度,实现社会福利城乡一体化,保障农村社会的和谐与稳定。本文选择渝东南少数民族地区Q村60岁及以上的农村老人为调查对象,使用深度访谈法与参与观察方法收集研究资料,采用内容分析法与二次分析方法对研究资料进行分析。本文运用福利三角理论从国家、市场、家庭三个维度对农村老年福利多元供给进行分析,研究农村老人福利获得现状,探讨农村老年福利面临的困境与影响因素。研究发现,农村老年福利供给在政府、市场、家庭层面呈现出一种非均衡化发展的态势。家庭在农村老年福利供给中能力下降与作用弱化,但家庭作为农村老年福利供给的基本形式,在农村老年福利供给中仍处于主导地位。随着家庭养老地位的下降,国家通过普惠制养老保险实现了政府在农村老年福利中的责任回归。但低度化的福利供给,使得国家在农村老年福利供给中处于弱国家地位。市场作为农村老年福利供给补充方式逐渐受到农村老人的青睐,通过技术获得福利与市场化养老保险得到农村老人的认可,成为农村老人实现自我养老的新出路。农村老人具有购买养老保险的意愿与经济能力,为农村老年福利市场化提供了难得的机遇。资金与政策的不稳定性与市场化合作机制的难以形成,为农村老年福利市场化带来了挑战。农村老年福利需要多元主体提供,国家、市场、家庭任何一方都不能独立提供福利支持以满足农村老人对福利的需要。在农村老年福利提供中需要形成福利组合,多元主体形成组合式福利提供,以满足农村老人对福利的需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the inevitable outcome of the development of human society to a certain stage, the increase of the elderly population presents a serious challenge to the aging supporting problem. In the context of building a new socialist countryside and urban-rural integration, how to care the growing number of old people in rural area gradually draws more and more concerns all over the society. This problem is not only influenced by the rural-urban dualistic social welfare system, but also by the real shock of young population outflow and the rural land abandonment. Squeezed in the population aging and the weakening of family support, the aging problems in rural China stands out exceptional.This paper takes the rural elderly as the research subject, and takes the welfare plural supply of rural elderly as the research problem. Study on the welfare plural supply shows us a realistic life picture of the rural elderly. Such research will not only help us understand how to meet the growing welfare needs of the rural elderly, ease the pressure in the welfare supply of the rural elderly, and provide the rural elderly with a treasure sense of security, belonging, and worthiness, but also help the government improve the rural elderly welfare system, which will lead to the urban-rural integration of social welfare, and guarantee the harmony and stability of rural society.This paper chooses the rural elderly aged above60in a Q Village of Southeast Chongqing minority for the survey, uses the depth interview and participant observation method to collect research data, and employs the content analysis and secondary analysis approaches to analyze the research data. By using the welfare triangular theory on the welfare plural supply of rural elderly and analyzing from three aspects:the state, the market, and the family, this study will picture the rural elderly welfare status quo, and explore the plight of welfare faced by the rural elderly and their influencing factors.This study found that the welfare supply of rural elderly showing a non-balanced development in the government, the market, the family level. Although the family’s ability and function in the welfare supply of rural elderly is weakening, the family still perform as the basic form and a dominant position in the welfare supply of rural elderly. With the decline in the status of family supporting, the state achieve the government’s responsibility regression in the welfare supply of rural elderly by a universal benefits pension scheme. But the low degree of welfare provision makes the state states in a weak statehood in the welfare supply of rural elderly. As a complementary welfare supply of rural elderly, the market is gradually favored by the rural elderly. The technical welfare and market-oriented pension insurance are recognized by rural elderly and become a new way to achieve the self-support for the rural elderly. The rural elderly willingness and financial ability to buy endowment insurance provides a rare opportunity for the market-oriented welfare of rural elderly. The funding and policy instability and market-oriented cooperation mechanism which is difficult to develop bring challenge to us at the same time.Rural Elderly need diverse subjects to provide welfare. State, market, family, neither of them can independently provide welfare support to meet the welfare needs of the rural elderly. To form a benefits package in the rural elderly welfare provision and to form the combined benefits by multiple subjects and multilateral collaboration are the measures should be taken for meeting the welfare needs of the rural elderly.更多还原