【作者】 王可；

【导师】 闫少华；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 人才工作是关系中国共产党和国家事业不断向前推进的重要工作。选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作，作为一条通过基层实践锻炼培养优秀青年干部的重要途径，肩负着重大的历史使命和政治责任。因此，加强对选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作问题的研究，不仅具有重要的理论意义，而且具有重要的实际应用价值。选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作问题研究主要包括选调生工作的历史、程序、意义和成就。近年来，关于选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作问题的研究层次不断深入、领域更加丰富，取得了很多可喜成果。但这项工作依然存在一些不足，既制约了最大程度充分发挥制度的作用，也影响了优秀人才加快发展进步。本文阐述了选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作的时代背景和历史起源，并对选调生的工作现状和发展情况进行了概括总结，最后提出了如何进一步做好选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作的路径思考。本文共分三个部分：第一部分：选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作问题概述。（1）选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作的提出。选调生制度的源头和前身可以追溯到上世纪60年代。根据刘少奇关于分配一批高等学校毕业生到基层工作的指示，1965年、1966年两年全国共安排了一万多名高校毕业生作为储备干部到县以下基层工作，由此开创了高校毕业生到基层工作的先河。文革期间，这一政策一度中断。中国共产党的十一届三中全会以后，随着对人才工作的重视程度不断提高，选调生工作重新恢复，后又经过几次政策调整，直至2000年中央下发相关文件，选调生制度才逐步走上规范化、制度化的轨道。（2）选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作的程序。选调工作主要由各省、自治区、直辖市的党委组织部门统一负责，主要分为选拔、分配、培养三个阶段。选调工作的开展一般是根据各地区的工作实际，由组织部门研究出台相应的工作办法，再按照双向选择的原则，从各高校选拔品学兼优的应届毕业生到各街道、乡镇等基层单位工作锻炼，经2—3年后根据岗位需要择优任用。（3）选调生与公开考录公务员、大学生“村官”的异同。选调生与公开考录公务员都是国家公务员，都必须按照《国家公务员法》进行管理，就职业属性来讲，两者并不存在本质区别。大学生“村官”虽然在选拔和考录形式上与前两者相近，但不是国家公务员，是指到农村（含社区）担任村党支部书记、村委会主任助理或其他村“两委”职务的具有大专以上学历的应届或往届大学毕业生。选调生与公开考录公务员、大学生“村官”在组织实施、选拔招录、培养管理等方面均有各自的特点。第二部分：选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作的动因。（1）选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作是党中央着眼全局的重要举措。建设有中国特色社会主义的伟大事业，需要大批政治坚定、德才兼备、能力过硬、奋发有为的的年轻干部，特别是既有丰富的知识储备，又有经过艰苦实践历练的年轻干部。实践证明，选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作，是从源头抓起，培养造就大批适应改革开放和社会主义现代化建设需要的领导人才的一项战略性措施。（2）选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作是加强后备干部队伍建设的内在要求。加强后备干部队伍建设，对于加强党的领导，提高党的执政能力，巩固党的执政地位，保证党和国家事业兴旺发达、后继有人意义重大；选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作，符合领导人才成长的客观规律，是培养选拔优秀年轻干部、加强领导班子及其后备干部队伍建设的一项基础性工作。（3）选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作是党政机关工作的实际需要。新形势下做好群众工作对各级党委、政府提出了新要求，需要机关干部更加深入实际、深入群众，选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作、积累丰富经验，有利于密切党群干群关系。（4）选调生工作在地方实践中取得了可喜成果。一大批优秀年轻干部在艰苦的历练中不辱使命、不负重托，赢得了组织信任，群众拥护，成长为推动事业发展的骨干中坚，探索出了一条通过基层实践锻炼培养领导人才的有效途径。建立了相对完善的选拔培养年轻干部的工作体系，为深化领导人才成长规律研究、丰富人才工作理论奠定了坚实基础；建立了一支整体素质较高、具有一定规模的选调生梯队，为党和国家储备和输送了大批优秀年轻干部；建立了优秀年轻干部服务基层的常态化工作模式，强化了基层工作力量，提升了基层工作水平。第三部分：完善选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作的对策建议。选调优秀高校毕业生到基层工作存在的不足。培养定位逐渐模糊、体制机制有待进一步完善理论研究不足，对管理培养指导不够。这些问题在一定程度上制约和影响了选调生工作的科学、持续、健康发展。针对选调生工作存在的问题，应从以下方面予以加强：科学定位选调生培养方向，放眼全局准确把握干部人才队伍建设的发展脉搏，与时俱进不断明确选调生的培养方向；要切实加强理论研究，积极总结实践经验，不断推动理论创新，注重加强理论人才队伍建设，不断提高理论应用水平；要积极推动选调生培养的体制机制创新，完善选拔使用制度，完善管理制度，完善考核制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Talent serves as an important work for constantly pushing forward the cause ofthe Communist Party of China and the nation. As a significant way to cultivateoutstanding young cadres through grass-roots practice exercise, transferring theoutstanding college graduates to work at the grass-roots units shoulders the greathistorical mission and political responsibility. Therefore, the strengthening of theresearch on problems of transferring outstanding college graduates to the grass-rootshas not only an important theoretical significance, but also an important practical value.This text mainly includes the history, program, meaning and achievements oftransferring the outstanding college graduates to the grass-roots units. In recent years,research on transferring the outstanding college graduates to the grass-roots to work isconstantly enriched and obtained many gratifying achievements. But at the same time,this policy is also inadequate. It not only restricts this system from exerting its effect atutmost, but also affects talents to accelerate the development and progress, or make agreater contribution. This text elaborated the history and the moving reason oftransferring outstanding college graduates to grass-roots units, then tally up the presentcondition of this work, and finally put forward a few paths of strengthening it.This text is totally divided into three parts:First part: An overview of transferring outstanding college graduates to thegrass-roots units.（1）The proposition of the system. The source of the system can betraced back to the1960s. On the basis of Liu Shaoqi’s instructions about the allocationof a number of graduates from institutions of higher learning to work at the grass-rootsunits, more than ten thousand college graduates were arranged to work at thegrass-roots units below the county as reserved cadres from1965to1966, thus creating a precedent for college graduates working at the grass-roots units. During the CulturalRevolution, this policy was once interrupted. After the Third Plenary Session of theEleventh Central Committee, with the increasing emphasis on the personnel work, thework of selected graduates resumed. And then after several policy adjustments, thesystem of transferring outstanding college graduates to the grass-roots units wasn’tgradually standardized or institutionalized until2000, when the central issued relevantdocuments.（2）The program of the system. The transferring work is mainly organizedby the Party Committee Organization Departments in all provinces, autonomousregions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, which is mainlydivided into the three stages of selection, assignment and training. The progression oftransferring work is generally based on the actual work of different areas. TheOrganization Departments study the introduction of appropriate working methods andin accordance with the principle of two-way selection, select from all colleges anduniversities graduates, who are merit-based appointed under the posts after2-3years ofexperience, in high academic achievers to work in various streets, towns and otherbasic units（.3）The similarities and differences between selected graduates, public civilservants and college-graduate village officials. Selected graduates and public civilservants are both in the national civil service, who must be managed in accordancewith the State Civil Service Law. The essential difference between the two does notexist in terms of the professional attributes. College-graduate village officials are notcivil servants, though there are some similarities in the selection and the examination.College-graduate village officials, as graduates with college degrees or previousgraduates, serve as the village party branch secretary, assistant to the director of thevillage committee or other village "two committees" forthcoming duties in rural areas(including community). Selected graduates, public civil servants and college-graduatevillage officials have their own characteristics in the organization, selection ofrecruiting and training management.Second part: Second part: The moving reason of transferring outstanding collegegraduates to the grass-roots units（.1）Transferring the outstanding college graduates to the grass-roots units to work is an important measure of the CPC Central Committeeconsidering the overall situation. The great cause of building socialism with Chinesecharacteristics needs a large number of young cadres of both ability and integrity, bothcultural knowledge and practical experience. The practice has proved that this policy isa strategic measure to train a large number of leadership talent to adapt to the need ofthe reform and opening up and socialist modernization from the roots（.2）Transferringoutstanding college graduates to the grass-roots units is the inner motivation ofstrengthening the construction of reserved cadres. Strengthening the construction ofreserved cadres is of great significance to strengthen the leadership of the party,consolidate the party’s ruling ability, reinforce the party’s ruling status and ensure theprosperity of the cause of the party and the country. Transferring outstanding collegegraduates to grass-roots units to work is in line with the objective laws of the growth ofleadership talent. It’s a basic work of building and training the group of outstandingyoung cadres and leadership.（3）Transferring outstanding college graduates to thegrass-roots units is the actual needs for the political organs. Under the new situation,serving the masses properly introduces a new requirement to the party committees atall levels and it demands the party committees to know a lot more about the massesand the reality. Selected graduates will accumulate a wealth of experience, which canform a close bond between the party, the government and the masses.（4）This policyhas made remarkable achievements in local practice. A large number of outstandingyoung cadres fulfill their missions in the arduous conditions, winning the trust of theorganizations and the support from the masses. They grow to be the backbone ofpromoting the party’s causes with grass-roots practice and explore an effective way tocultivate leadership talent through grass-roots practice. The status of transferringoutstanding college graduates to the grass-roots units. In recent years, this policy hasmade many gratifying achievements: The establishment of a relatively perfect workingsystem to select and train young cadres, which laid a solid foundation for deepeningthe research of the growth laws of leadership talents and enriching talent workingtheory; the establishment of a echelon of selected graduates with a certain scale and high overall quality, transferring a large number of outstanding young cadres for theparty and the country; the establishment of a normal operating mode for young cadresto serve the grass-roots units, which strengthen the work force and enhance the worklevel.Third part: The suggestions on improving transferring outstanding collegegraduates to the grass-roots units. Although much has been achieved, transferring theoutstanding college graduates to work at the grass-roots units still has someshortcomings: the vague of cultivation aim, need of further consummation of themechanism and organization, lack of theoretical research and the guidance formanagement. In accordance with the existent problems in the policy, we shouldstrengthen from the following aspects: Scientifically locate the orientation oftransferring students; supervise overall situation and accurately grasp the tendency ofthe construction of talents group; keep pace with the times and constantly make clearthe training direction of selected students; practically strengthen theoretical research;positively summarize the practical experience; continually promote theoreticalinnovation; focus on strengthening the construction of theoretical talents; keepimproving the level of application of theory; actively promote the institutional andmechanism innovation; improve the system of selection, appointment, managementand examination.更多还原