【作者】 刘云；

【导师】 王昊；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 “立德、立功、立言”作为男权宗法社会的传统价值标准，影响中国读书士子几千年，并被标榜为“三不朽”。但文学作为思想文化动态中最敏感的神经束，无论是科举初兴的唐代，还是封建王朝的末世，从来就不缺乏与理性社会价值相冲突的感性情感作品。北宋词人晏几道与清小说《红楼梦》中主人公贾宝玉，时空相隔七百年，却不约而同地走上了一条为常人所不耻的闺阁之路。他们厌恶仕途经济，鄙弃功名利禄，无视“三不朽”宗法道德标准，在女儿群中追寻着个性自由。当别人在为擢第而埋头苦读的时候，他们却沉浸于女性审美世界中，甘愿做一个“伤心人”。他们视女性为世界一切美的象征，女性的柔美与善良深深打动着这两个“叛逆者”，并努力与女性在心灵上发生共鸣，但这个愿望如同虚构的大观园，早晚有一天会被外面的“污浊”世界所冲破。在封建价值观彻底崩塌之前，他们既不愿意容于世俗，又不被世俗所理解，注定会失落伤感，成为游离于社会边缘的孤独者。文章第一部分，先介绍了“三不朽”在男权宗法社会的发展演变。传统读书士子对“三不朽”孜孜追求着，但感性情感价值与社会理性价值的冲突总是存在着。晏几道作为名相之子，于诗酒风流中潜心六艺，玩思百家，身怀仕进之技，却不走仕途之路，专心于小词中而无澄清天下之志，“立德、立功、立言”是与他不相干的。既然不追求社会理性，就要做一个自然天性的自我，第二部分主要探求晏几道如何追求个性自由。他对女性天然生成一段痴情，和宝玉陶醉于女性审美乌托邦中。小晏于表面的情词艳语和花色柳影中，以真诚的心灵，深挚的情感，引起人们崇高的意念，最动摇人心的还要属那些相思词，由于人生境遇的变迁，小晏总是在追忆过去的美好，“风月有情时，总是相思处”。中国古代以血缘为基础的男权宗法社会，实现了父权与君权的统一。以董仲舒为代表的儒学家进一步整合出一套“三纲五常”的政治理论体系，要求读书人对上代表皇权利益，对下维护家族利益，即走功名之路。晏几道“论文自有体，不肯一作新进士语”，甘心沉沦于下僚，绝不攀附富贵。宝玉也最讨厌贾雨村之流，对于劝他多学学仕途经济的姐妹下逐客令。孤介之人，往往孤芳自赏，圭璧自持，而不易取荣于社会。小晏交游甚狭，好友只有黄庭坚、郑侠等寥寥几人，宝玉的友人也只不过是与自己同样秉持“灵秀”之气的几个人罢了。朋友虽少，情谊却深。然而，小晏和宝玉的痴情不被世俗所理解，狷介的个性又将自己孤立于众人之外，女儿们作为他们唯一的精神寄托，也不那么尽人意，祈求心灵上的共鸣是如此之难。人生本无常，无论是小晏所喜爱的歌妓，还是宝玉钟情的大观园女孩，都将流落到他们看不见的地方去，寥寥无几的好友也不能常伴左右，剩下的只有无奈与感伤。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Li de, Li gong, Li Yan”, which are the traditional values of patriarchal clansociety, influence Chinese scholars for thousands of years. However, literature isregarded as nerves of dynamic culture, no matter in the beginning of the imperialexamination system, or in the final phase of feudal system, where never lack feelingworks against rational social values. Yan JI Dao who is a poet in Song Dynasty, andJia Baoyu, who is the leader of “A Dream in Red Mansions”, stepping into a unusualboudoir literature society synchronously. They detest official career, disdainprosperity and fame, ignoring moral standards, to the contrary, pursuing the freedomof personality in women. While others cramming books, they immersed in Women`saesthetic world to be” Sad people”. They consider the female as the symbol ofbeauty, and be touched by their morbidezza and kindness. They try hard to achieveresonance with the girls, however, their wishes, just as the fabled “Da Guan Yuan”,will be evaporated by the real world outside. Before feudal values are collapsedabsolutely, they separate themselves from common customs, which also cannotunderstand them. Finally, they become the loners of society.In the first part of the article, the evolution of “three immortals” is introduced inthe development of the male patriarchal society firstly. Traditional scholars werepursuing the “three immortality” diligently, but the conflict between perceptualemotional value and social value of rational always existed. Yan Jidao, as the son ofvizier, owned the skills of receiving government degrees, however, he did not takethis way, devoting himself to lyricist. He did not have ambition to assistant theemperor,“three immortals” is not coherent with him.Since it is not the pursuit of social rationality, Yan Jidao would be a naturalinstinct of the self. The second part mainly explores Yan how to pursue individualfreedom. He reveled in the female aesthetic utopia, with a sincere heart and feelings,Yan Jidao use the colorful language and patterns, arousing people lofty ideas.The ancient Chinese based on blood, achieving the unity of Kingdom and patriarchy. Dong Zhongshu, who was representative of the Confucianism, furtherpresented the “Three Cardinal Guides and Five Constant Virtues”, requiring scholarsrepresented imperial and family interests. Yan Jidao and Jia Baoyu both hated fame,not seeking riches and honor.Solitary person, indulge in self-admiration generally, are not easy to take pridein the society. The friends of Yan Jidao are very few, only Huang TingJian, ZhengXia and someone else. Though narrow, friendship is deep.However, Yan Jidao and Jia Baoyu were not secular understanding, isolatingthemselves in public. The girls, who were the only spiritual sustenance, were not sosatisfactory. Life is impermanent, whether it is courtesan, or the girls in the DaGuanYuan, would be out on the street, even several friends did not stick around,leaving only the helpless and sad.更多还原