【作者】 许斌；

【导师】 刘富华；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 现代汉语能性述补结构是语言学界研究的热点之一，但个案能性述补结构“V得\不起”，虽然使用广泛，语义灵活，结构复杂，独具特色，对该结构的研究却并不多见，而且主要以历时研究的成就最高。因此，本文在前人的基础上，运用语言学中结构主义语法理论、认知语法理论、功能语法理论的一些基础概念和理论，从句法、语义、语用三个方面对能性述补结构“V得\不起”主要进行了共时方面的研究。第一章：绪论。本章主要总结了前人对本课题的研究成果。此外，还涉及了选题目的、本课题目前研究中存在的问题、本文研究的问题及本文所使用的方法和语料来源。第二章：能性述补结构“V得\不起”的句法分析。本章从句法的角度考察了能性述补结构“V得\不起”的句法分布及与相应句法成分对应的同现成分的情况。发现能性述补结构“V得\不起”在句子中可以作谓语（同现状语）、定语（与其他成分构成主谓结构、动宾结构和偏正结构中的状中结构共同作定语）、补语和主语，此外，还对能性述补结构“V得\不起”的“V”、“得、不”与“起”进行了研究，包括对“V”进行分类、分析其语音特点，对“起”进行语义分类，对“得、不”的词性、语义提出自己的观点。最后，分析了“V”与“起”的搭配机制，总结了“V”与“起”搭配的情况，能性述补结构“V得\不起”中的“起”有三种语法意义，即趋向义、结果义和状态义，趋向义与动作动词中的自主动词中表示身体动作的动词搭配，结果义与动作动词中的自主动词、使令动词、判断动词和趋向动词搭配，状态义与动作动词中的非自主动词和心理动词搭配。。第三章：能性述补结构“V得\不起”的语义及分类。本章首先对能性述补结构“V得\不起”整体的格式意义进行了总结，同时也分析了“起”的语义指向，发现能性述补结构“V得\不起”的格式意义为“说话人对动作实现主体的客观能力、客观条件、主观态度的判定。”其中“起”语义指向“V”，这在能性述补结构中是比较特殊的。然后概括其类属意义，并以此为标准对能性述补结构“V得\不起”进行分类，主要的类属意义有三个，即V得\不起1、V得\不起2和V得\不起3。此外还分析了能性述补结构“V得\不起”中的“起”与“起来”替换的问题，这个问题主要和“V”与“起”的搭配有关，此处是对第二章总结出的搭配机制的运用。第四章：能性述补结构“V得\不起”的语用分析。本章从主题-述题、表达重心与焦点、对句式句类的选择及语体四方面对能性述补结构“V得\不起”进行分析，发现能性述补结构“V得\不起”的主语是主题，能性述补结构“V得\不起”是述题，“V”对主语进行叙述，“得\不起”对主语进行判定、评价。而能性述补结构“V得\不起”的表达重心和焦点是在“V”上的。能性述补结构“V得\不起”选择的句类有陈述句、疑问句（主要是反问句和设问句）、感叹句，句式有连动句、“连”字句和“是．．．．．．的”句等表示强调的句式。能性述补结构“V得\不起”的适用性比较强，即可用于口头语体又可用于书面语体。但并不适用于所有的书面语体，比如对公文事务语体和科学技术语体就不适用。最后是结语，对全文进行总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern Chinese, the potential Verb-Complement construction is one of theresearch focuses of the field of linguistics, although the potential Verb-Complementconstruction”V de\bu qi” is known for its wide usage, flexible meaning andcomplicated and unique structure, the structure study is few and the highestachievement of the research is diachronic study． Therefore, on the basis of previousstudies, with three aspects from syntax, semantics, pragmatics, this paper appliessome basic concepts and theories of structural grammar, cognitive grammar andfunctional grammar to conduct a synchronic study．The frist chapter is introduction． This chapter summarizes the achievements ofthe previous researches on the topic． In addition, it also relates to the researchobjective and significance, problems existing in the current research of the project,problems of this paper studies, methods and corpus sources used in this article．The second chapter is the syntactic analysis of the potential Verb-Complementconstruction”V de\bu qi”． This chapter investigates the syntactic distribution andcorresponding simultaneous component of the potential Verb-Complementconstruction”V de\bu qi”． Then we find the potential Verb-Complementconstruction”V de\bu qi” in the sentence can be used as a predicate (with a adverbialmodifier), attributive (constituting the subject-predicate structure, verb-objectstructure and the structure of adverbial modifier of attributive structure with otherwords), complement and subject． In addition, we also study “V”,“de\bu” and “qi”of the potential Verb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi”, including the "V"grammar classification, characteristics of the voice of “V”, the “qi” semanticclassification and the parts．of speech and semantic of “de\bu”． Finally, we studythe collocation mechanism between “V” and “qi” of the potential Verb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi”, then we sum up the “V” and “qi” collocation． There arethree grammatical meanings about “qi”, directional meaning, result meaning, statemeaning． Directional meaning of “qi” collocates with controllable verb indicatingbody action． Result meaning of “qi” collocates with controllable verb, causativeverb, judgment verb and directional verb． State meaning of “qi” collocates withnoncontrollable verb and psychological verb．The third chapter is the semantic and classification of the potentialVerb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi”． This chapter begins with a summaryof the overall format significance of the potential Verb-Complement construction”Vde\bu qi”, as well as an analysis about the semantic orientation of “qi”． Then wefind that the sentence meaning of the potential Verb-Complement construction“Vde\bu qi” is a judgment of the speaker for the thing if a body of making movementhas an objective ability, an objective condition and a subjective attitude． And “qi”semantic point to “V”, this is special． Secondly, we summarizes its generic sense,and classifies it as the standard． there are three major generic meaning, V de\bu qi1,V de\bu qi2, V de\bu qi3． In addition, we analyzes some “qi”s of the potentialVerb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi” replace “qi lai”s． This issue is aboutthe match between “qi” and “V”, here is the application of collocation mechanism of“qi” and “V”．The forth chapter is the pragmatic analysis of the potential Verb-Complementconstruction”V de\bu qi”． We analyze the construction from the theme-statement,expression of the center of gravity and focus, the selection of sentence pattern,sentence category and style． We find that the subject of the potentialVerb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi” is theme, and the potentialVerb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi” is statement．“V” of the potentialVerb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi” is to describe the subject and “de\bu qi”of the potential Verb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi” is to judge thesubject． The expression of the center of gravity and focus is “V”． The potentialVerb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi” chooses declarative sentence, question(mainly including rhetorical question), exclamatory sentence, emphatic sentence like gearing sentence,“lian” sentence,“shi．．．．．．de” sentence and so on． Theapplicability of the potential Verb-Complement construction”V de\bu qi” is strong, itcan be either used in the oral style or in the written style, but it can not be used in allthe written style, like official document style and science and technology style．The last chapter is conclusion．更多还原