【作者】 陈波；

【导师】 宋开臣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 电子信息技术及仪器， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 各种科研实验室中,经常需要可以输出标准信号的设备来进行科学实验或者对设备进行测试。所需的标准信号形式各异,通常是代替自然界中的各类信息。针对上述需求,本文研究了一种高精度动态电压电流标准源,可以输出一定带宽内的任意电压或电流信号,并且具有很高的静态和动态精度。高精度动态电压电流标准源采用闭环反馈的结构作为高精度的保障。在此基础上,主要针对影响系统精度的几个因素,分别展开研究,研究内容主要涉及以下几个方面：1)电路系统的噪声分析及噪声抑制。针对高精度测量电路和高精度输出电路分别进行噪声分析,明确噪声的来源以及大小,从源头上抑制噪声,提高系统精度。实验证明,所设计的电路系统指标达到预期目标。2)电路系统恒温控制。温度是影响精密仪器精度的重要因素,本文基于半导体制冷器对电路系统进行恒温控制。在结构上保证电路温度的均匀性及热量传导的可控性,监测电路温度并采取PID控制实现电路系统温度恒定。3)动态信号的高精度控制对于反馈控制算法提出了很高的要求。本文针对影响动态控制精度的因素,研究了两种可用的算法,通过对比得到一种最优算法,通过实验验证了无论静态或者动态,输出信号都具有很高的精度。4)系统结构设计。针对精密仪器对可靠性和电磁兼容性的要求来设计机械结构,并且设计人机界面实现仪器的控制。最后针对性地设计实验,采集并处理实验数据,验证标准源的各项指标达到预期精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In a variety of laboratories which engaged in research work, an equipment that is able to output dynamic standard signal is quite useful. The standard signal can be used to conduct scientific experiments or calibrate equipments. There are various kinds of standard signal that are required, usually used to simulate the nature information. In response to these needs, this paper describes a high-precision dynamic voltage and current standard, which is able to output arbitrary waveform in limited bandwidth, and it’s static and dynamic signal are both very accurate.The high-precision dynamic voltage and current standard uses loop feedback structure to ensure high-precision. On this basis, conduct some research according to several factors that affect the accuracy of the system. The research mainly involves the following aspects.1) Noise analysis and noise reduction of the circuit system. Analyze the noise source and the noise magnitude of high-precision measurement circuit and high-precision output circuit, then reduce the noise from it’s source to improve the precision of the system. Experimental results show that the precision of the designed circuit system meet the desired objectives.2) Thermostatic control of the circuit system. Temperature is an important factor that affect the accuracy of precision instruments. This system realizes Thermostatic control of the circuit system based on thermoelectric cooler (TEC). Firstly, ensure the controllability of the heat and the temperature uniformity, then measure circuit temperature and realize system temperature constant by PID control.3) The design of control algorithm is very difficult to realize high-precision feedback control of the dynamic signal. This paper studies on two available algorithms, by comparing the effect of two control algorithms, selected a better one. The experiment show that whether static or dynamic output, the output signal are both very accurate. 4) The design of structure and man-machine interface of the system. The structural design of precision instruments should ensure reliability and electromagnetic compatibility, man-machine interface should be simple and elegant.Finally, design some corresponding test experiments in order to make sure that the precision of the instrument is good enough. By acquiring and processing experimental data, it is confirmed that the standard meets the desired accuracy.更多还原