【作者】 王艳；

【导师】 张洪程； 戴其根；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于2009-2010年在扬州大学试验农场进行,以超级稻品种南粳44和甬优8号为材料,从群体起点改革的角度设计了4种群体起点处理,并以大面积生产上常规群体起点为对照,研究了不同钵苗栽插规格和基本苗对水稻产量、群体质量、光合特性和稻米品质的影响,初步提出钵苗超高产栽培的合理群体起点。主要结果如下：1.两品种均以3钵处理的实产最高(南粳44为11095.57kg hm-2、甬优8号为12367.52kghm-2),与CK差异显著；与CK相比,3钵处理的单位面积穗数显著降低,每穗粒数显著增加,群体颖花量显著增加,结实率和千粒重与之相当。3钵处理于有效分蘖临界叶龄期(N-n)够苗,高峰苗出现在拔节期,且数量适中,此后群体平缓消减,至抽穗期基本平稳,达预期穗数；其LAI动态与茎蘖动态趋势基本一致,最大LAI出现在抽穗期(南粳44为7.8,甬优8号为8.6),并能够在成熟期保持在3.5-4.0；群体光合势与干物质积累,3钵处理在生育前期比CK低,生育中期与之相当,生育后期则显著高于CK。3钵处理的群体库容的实际充实度与CK相当,而其实际充实量则显著高于CK。3钵处理群体起点合理,群体发展平稳,增产效果显著。2.两品种不同处理群体光合特性存在差异。两品种不同处理孕穗期和齐穗期群体内部透光率随摆栽本数的增加而下降,且均比CK高。齐穗后均以3钵处理剑叶的净光合速率最高,5钵处理的净光合速率最低,2钵、4钵处理的净光合速率略高于CK,但是CK在后期下降幅度高于其他处理。两品种均表现为茎秆上部三叶齐穗后的SPAD值随摆栽本数的增加呈先增后减趋势,高密度处理的叶片SPAD值后期下降速度较快；其中,仅有5钵处理的SPAD值比CK低。3.3钵处理的稻米品质与CK差异不显著；但是在株行距一定时,随着摆栽苗数的增加,稻米品质呈现出一定的变化规律。随着摆栽苗数的增加,稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率均呈下降趋势,垩白米率和垩白度增加,蛋白质含量降低,直链淀粉含量增加,但各处理的主要品质性状随摆栽本数变化的变异程度不一。稻米淀粉RVA谱特性值中的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、最终黏度和糊化温度随摆栽苗数的增加呈先增后减的趋势,消减值和峰值黏度时间均随摆栽苗数增加呈上升趋势。各处理的RVA谱特性值随摆栽本数变化的变异程度不一,起始糊化温度和最终黏度受摆栽苗数处理影响最小。更多还原

【Abstract】 The field experiments were conducted in the experimental farm of agricultural college of Yangzhou university during2009-2010using Nanjing44and Yongyou8as material. The experiments were investigated from the point of population starting by setting four population starting structures, with a rational population structure of conventional cultivation for CK. The effects on yield, plant population quality, photosynthetic characters and rice quality were studied under different bowl seedling planting pattern and basic seedling. The main results are as follows:1. The treatment of three foramens reached the highest yield level between the two varieties (Nanjing4411095.57kg ha-1, Yongyou812367.52kg ha-1), significantly. Comparing with CK, more spikelets per panicle and population spikelets were observed in the model of three foramens, with less panicles per unit area and roughly the same level of filled-grain percentage and1000grain weight. In the model of three foramens treatment in comparison with CK, the population of stems and tillers achieved the expected number punctually at the critical leaf-age for productive tillers, and reached the peak with an appropriate value, then decreased gently. Plants of three foramens treatment developed approximately the same population LAI dynamics as dynamic of stems and tillers, and its maximal LAI appeared at the heading stage (Nanjing447.8, Yongyou88.6) and remained a level of3.5-4.0at the maturity stage. As for the population photosynthesis potential and the dry matter accumulation, the model of three foramens treatment showed lower values than CK during the early stages (from transplantation to jointing stage), and during the middle stages (from jointing to heading) it was roughly the same with CK, showing no statistical significance, and for the later stages, it was significantly higher in growth and development (from heading to maturity). There was no significant difference in filling rate of sink between three foramens treatment and CK, but the amount of actual filling of sink was significantly more than CK. Three foramens treatment had rational population starting structure and developed smoothy, so it increased yield significantly.2. There were differences in photosynthetic characters of two cultivars in different treats. Along with the increase of transplanting seedlings per hill, light transparence rate dropt at booting stage and heading stage and also the light transparence rate of the other four treatments were higher than CK. After heading, the net photosynthetic rate of three foramens treatment was the highest, and five foramens treatment was the lowest, and two foramens treatment and four foramens treatment were slightly higher than CK. However, the net photosynthetic rate of CK dropt the quickest in late stage. Along with the increase of transplanting seedlings per hill, SPAD values after heading of the top three leaves assumed the tendency increased first and then decreased and only the SPAD values of five foramens treatment were lower than CK. The larger the density, the quicker the SPAD value dropt in late stage.3. There was no significant difference between three foramens treatment and CK in rice quality. Along with the increase of transplanting seedlings per hill, there was variation in rice quality. The brown rice rate, the milled rice rate and the head milled rice rate dropt, the chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree rose, the protein content was lower, the amylose content increased, but the variation of coefficient of the main grain quality characteristics was different. The peak viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity and the pasting temperature of the RVA profiles assumed the tendency increased first and then decreased along with the increase of density, while the setback and peak time rose. The variation of coefficient of the RVA profiles was different. The final viscosity and the pasting temperature was uneasily effected by density.更多还原