【作者】 李博；

【导师】 张炳义；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 电机与电器， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 石油钻井泥浆泵是油田开采石油的关键装备之一，早期钻井泥浆泵驱动方式采用柴油机驱动。通过改变柴油机的转速来改变泥浆泵排量和扬程，柴油机的调速范围较窄，调整转速会影响其输出效率。交流变频调速的范围宽，调速平滑方便，可靠安全，环保节能。在油田开采石油工作过程中，普遍使用异步电动机加减速机构取代原有的柴油机。但是，异步电动机同样笨重且传动效率低，在轻载运行时效率往往只有20%左右。本课题提出了一种永磁电机直驱泥浆泵电控系统，应用带有无传感器检测转子位置功能的高性能变频器，驱动泥浆泵低速大转矩永磁电机，采用西门子S7-224XP-PLC以及西门子S7-200扩展模块组成控制系统对变频器进行控制，搭建Simulink软件仿真模型对变频器内部的无位置控制理论进行研究。本课题对泥浆泵电控系统进行了全新的改造，包括泥浆泵电机的控制策略和控制电路的设计，工作效率可达到90%以上。使用可编程控制器S7-224XP-PLC作为控制核心，编制整个系统的控制程序，通过PLC与变频器的通讯来控制系统的工作模式，主电动机启动、调速、停止，并且配有安全保护措施保障，电动机一旦过载运行或出现故障，会自动报警停止工作，故障排除后，可自动复位，恢复工作，采油作业的安全性和可靠性将大大提高，并且作业的效率提升明显，操作简单方便。本系统现已在辽河油田现场投入使用，应用LabVIEW软件，利用数据采集卡构建电量测试系统，对系统进行了电性能综合实验，通过对数据的分析，绘制图表，同步性和节能性，经过测试和阶段性使用，系统运行平稳，达到预期。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oil drilling mud pump is the key equipment in the oil production process, Early dieselengine drived drilling mud pump. In this case, change the mud pump discharge and headonly by changing the rotating speed of diesel engine, diesel engine speed range is narrow,speed adjustment will influence the output efficiency. Ac frequency range is wide,smoothing, convenient, safety, environmental protection and energy saving. In oil field,use low speed high torque asynchronous motor replaces the original diesel engine at large.But, asynchronous mud pump motor is also heavy and the transmission efficiency is low,in the rated speed, especially in low speed operation, efficiency is often only at about20%.In view of the above questions, this topic studies vector control theory withoutposition sensor, using Simulink software build simulation model. And raise a new type ofelectronic control system, using Vacon-NXP high-performance converter which hassensorless rotor position detection function, driving low speed high torque mud pumpPMSM, the control system controls frequency converter by Siemens S7-224-PLC xp andSiemens S7-200extension module. This topic is the new transformation of the mud pumpcontrol system, including the mud pump motor control strategy and control circuit design,use S7-224xp-PLC as the control core. Prepare the whole system control program, throughthe PLC and frequency converter communication to control system work mode, mainmotor start, stop, speed, and equip safety protection measures, once motor is overload orfailure, it will automatically alarm to stop working, and troubleshooting, can automaticallyreset and return to work, it is safe, reliabe and easy to operate, it will greatly improve thework efficiency.Build PLC control platform, debug system in the laboratory, simulate the spot controlcommand to verify the feasibility of the system. Study LabVIEW software, use dataacquisition card building power test system, do performance comprehensive experiment, prove the synchronicity of the system and energy conservation though analysis of date andgraph draw.更多还原