【作者】 刘全；

【导师】 宋传学；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 车辆工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着人们生活步伐的加快，以及人们对于高生活水平的要求，汽车产品渐渐地作为人们日常生活的代步产品进入家家户户之中。现今，一部性能优良的汽车就是一件杰出的艺术作品，汽车的乘坐舒适性以及操纵稳定性是也就成为了汽车的极为重要的两个性能。现今的人们都是十分重视个人的生活质量，所以一部拥有优良的整车操纵稳定性和乘坐舒适性的汽车已经完全成为人们在选购汽车时的主要参考因素。汽车的乘坐舒适性以及操纵稳定性，不仅会对乘坐人员的舒适性、疲劳程度以及乘员的人身安全造成严重影响，而且也会影响汽车耗油量以及交通的安全性。因此汽车的乘坐舒适性以及操纵稳定性已经成为各个汽车生产厂商在激烈的汽车市场中参与竞争所必须考虑的两个非常重要的性能了。所以，对于整车进行操纵稳定性以及平顺性的优化分析，已经成为汽车设计过程中的所要完成的一件重要而艰巨的任务。随着社会经济发展对能源节约和环境保护的需求，电动汽车以其节能、环保和高性能的绝对优势，被认为是当今可取代传统汽车的最佳新型能源汽车类型。电动车由电动机、功率转换器、电池和电动汽车特有的传动装置所取代了传统汽车的机械式驱动系统，然而，改装后电动车的车身质量相对增大，质心位置也相应改变，因此，本文是基于某台电动车进行研究，特别针对本款车型它的整车操纵稳定性以及其整车舒适性进行了进一步的仿真并加以优化分析。本文首先介绍了电动汽车和其国内外的一些研究进展，以及本研究的主要内容。紧接着对于本文研究所应用到的虚拟样机技术的代表软件（ADAMS）的相关理论以及所应用到的相关的模块做了一个简单的概述和介绍。接下来应用ADAMS/Car这个轿车模块，搭建了一个与该课题研究对象对应的整车模型，以及其他子系统虚拟样机模型。然后，具体对麦弗逊式前悬架结构在运动过程中的机械运动性能及其与前轮的4个重要定位参数的关系进行了研究，并具体阐述了这些参数的取值变化将对车轮的轮胎异常磨损造成的影响以及国际和国内对于它们的客观评价标准和指标。紧接着上述分析，本文对麦式前悬架系统的虚拟样机模型做了典型的悬架仿真分析和研究，并对麦式前悬架的结构位置做了详细的优化设计。在对悬架做优化设计的过程中，我们是从研究如何降低其车轮非正常磨损的方面出发的，然后侧重对前轮定位参数对于前轮异常磨损影响关系做了研究；同时，基于以上研究优化了前悬架的关键点的三向坐标值。在这个优化设计分析过程中，我们是将麦式前悬架的18个关键点坐标作为这个优化设计的优化变量，以前轮的4个重要的定位参数、轮距变化量和主销偏距为优化设计的目标。然后借助于ADAMS软件的优化设计模块（Insight）以及后处理模块（Post-Processor）对该车的前悬架进行优化，以此来使该车的悬架的各项性能得到改善。然后，本文依照研究的实车的各项参数在ADAMS轿车模块中搭建了关于操稳性能分析的电动车模型，并运用转向盘转角的脉冲输入和阶跃输入、蛇行以及稳态回转这四项相关的整车操稳性能仿真试验及其仿真结果，对该整车模型进行了详细分析和评价。本文在第五章内容中，在ADAMS轿车平顺性模块中创建了适合本文的整车平顺性研究的路面谱文件，并对该电动车的悬架在优化前后做了以下三种路面输入的平顺性分析，即在随机和脉冲路面输入以及正弦波激励的情况下，对整车的平顺性进行了仿真试验。试验完成之后，科学处理了这些仿真试验所得的试验数据。通过优化前后试验数据对比分析，归纳总结了悬架位置变化对与该车整车平顺性的影响规律。本研究对该电动汽车的整车动力学和前悬架系统进行仿真模型分析后，成功筛选得到了我们认为合理的悬架系统方案，这在大大缩短该电动汽车研发时间的同时，也大大减少了研发该车经济成本，并且对该款汽车的设计以及性能的提高奠定了一定的试验和技术基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapidly development of society and the pursuit to higher life quality of people,automobiles are becoming very popular as the means of transport in our daily life. Nowadays,a high-performance automobile should be an excellent artwork, so the ride comfort andhandling stability are two important performances for automobiles. As the increasingattention to life quality, the automobile with good ride comfort and handling stability is ourpreferred type vehicle. Meanwhile, the ride comfort and handling stability of vehicle couldnot only play crucial role in the comfort, level of fatigue and safety of drivers, but alsoconnect to oil consumption and traffic safety. Therefore, improving that two performanceshas become the most important task that carmakers should fulfilled in the highly competitivemarket. Hence, the optimization for handling stability and comfort of vehicle had become avery important and difficult task during the process of vehicle design.To meet the demands of energy conservation and environmental protection, followeddevelopment of economic, automobile companies designed electric vehicles, a kind of newenergy vehicles, with energy saving, environmental protection and high performance todisplace traditional vehicles. The drive system of electric vehicles is electric wheel instead ofthe mechanical drive system of traditional vehicles. The using of electric wheel drive systemcould not only reduce the automobiles weight and lower development cost, but also couldimprove the performance of it. However, the hub motor in an electric vehicle causes thecoordinate changes of the suspension, and also, the vehicle performances have been changedfurther. Therefore, the object of the study is to optimize the handling stability and comfort ofthe electric vehicle based on the previous studies of a new generation of domestic electricvehicle.The electric vehicle research process at home and abroad and the main content of thepaper were introduced in the study firstly. Then, the related theories and modules used in thispaper of ADAMS, which is a typical software of virtual prototype techniques, has also beenbriefly introduced. Next, a whole vehicle model, which corresponds to the researched realelectric vehicle, and other subsystems models were built in the ADAMS/Car environment.And also, we carried out research in detail on the mechanical movement performance of McPherson front suspension during driving, as well as its relationship with four importantlocation parameters of front wheel, and elaborated the crucial role of different parametervalues on the tires abnormal wear. Meanwhile, the objective evaluation standards at homeand abroad for these parameters were listed. After that, in the study, the structure ofMcPherson front suspension was optimized based on the simulated analysis about virtualprototype model of McPherson front suspension. During the process of suspensionoptimization, the effect of front wheel location parameters on the tires abnormal wear wasresearched to reduce the abnormal wear, and space coordinates of the key points on frontsuspension were also optimized. Being more specific, the objective of the study is tooptimize the four important location parameters, changes of wheel track and kingpin offsetwith the guiding principle of18key points on suspension are the variables. Then, the wholeperformance of suspension may be improved through the front suspension optimization usedInsight and Post-Processor in ADAMS.Following that, the electric vehicle module was built in the ADAMS based on theparameters of the real vehicle. Then, the simulated analysis of the four relativecontrollability and stability performance tests, including steering wheel angle pulse input test,steering wheel angle step input test, steady static circular test procedure and pylon courseslalom test, were made. After we got the result of that, the whole vehicle model wasanalyzed and evaluated in detail.In chapter5of the study, not only a road spectrum document about the vehicle comfortwas built using the vehicle comfort module in ADAMS, but also the electric vehicle comfortwas analyzed before and after the suspension optimization on three different input methodsof pavement conditions, such as random input, pulse input and sinusoidal wave incentive.After the experimental data was disposed scientifically, the rule of suspension positionchanges on the vehicle comfort was summarized through out a comparative analysis of data.In conclusion, we got the optimal plan of suspension system successfully in the studyafter the simulated analysis on the automobile dynamic and front suspension system of theelectric automobile. It shortened the development cycle and lowered the cost of theautomobiles. This can provide experimental data for the product design and the qualityimprovement of automobiles.更多还原